安装mysql-python时“找不到-lssl；找不到-lcrypto”？

Question

我正在努力在安装了 MariaDB 10 的 Ubuntu 14.04 上安装 mysql-python pip 或者在系统范围内或在 venv 中。还尝试使用 MariaDB 5.5 并得到相同的错误。我安装了 vanilla mysql-server 没有这个问题。

我通过 apt-get 安装了以下内容：

• 构建必不可少
• python-dev
• libmariadbclient-dev（这是 libmysqlclient-dev 的 MariaDB 替代品）
• python-mysqldb

最初我认为这是将其安装到 venv 中的问题，但后来我注意到 mysql-python 也不会在系统范围内安装。以下是我用来安装在 venv 中的 cmd。

virtualenv venv
. venv/bin/activate
pip install mysql-python==1.2.5

In file included from _mysql.c:44:0:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:439:0: warning: "HAVE_WCSCOLL" redefined [enabled by default]
 #define HAVE_WCSCOLL
^
In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:3:0,  
                 from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                 from _mysql.c:29:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python2.7/pyconfig.h:911:0: note: this is the location of the     previous definition
 #define HAVE_WCSCOLL 1

^x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions     -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmariadbclient_r -lpthread -lz -lm -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /root/env/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/root/env/build/mysql-    python/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-EyhO2v-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /root/env/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /root/env/build/mysql-python
Storing debug log for failure in /root/.pip/pip.log

Answer 1

您需要安装 OpenSSL 的开发库。如果您的发行版为开发库提供单独的包，它可以是 libssl-dev、libssl-devel。或者如果没有安装完整的 openssl 包。

(venv)➜  src  pip install mysql-python==1.2.5
Downloading/unpacking mysql-python==1.2.5
  Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB): 108kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/home/braiam/src/venv/build/mysql-python/setup.py) egg_info for package mysql-python
    
Installing collected packages: mysql-python
  Running setup.py install for mysql-python
    building '_mysql' extension
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -DBIG_JOINS=1 -fno-strict-aliasing -g -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing
    In file included from _mysql.c:44:0:
    /usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:439:0: warning: "HAVE_WCSCOLL" redefined
     #define HAVE_WCSCOLL
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:3:0,
                     from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                     from _mysql.c:29:
    /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python2.7/pyconfig.h:911:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
     #define HAVE_WCSCOLL 1
     ^
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wl,-z,relro -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmariadbclient_r -lpthread -lz -lm -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so
    
Successfully installed mysql-python
Cleaning up...

但是，你有两条我没有的信息，即：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto

如果你使用ld -lcrypto --verbose 或ld -lssl --verbose 不会产生这样的结果：

➜  src  ld -lcrypto --verbose | grep succeeded
attempt to open //usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so succeeded
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address
➜  src  ld -lssl --verbose | grep succeeded
attempt to open //usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so succeeded
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address

因此，要解决此问题，只需确保您已安装提供这两个库的 libssl-dev 包。

Answer 2

我在 MacOS 上遇到了类似的错误，但我没有“/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl”。

通过以下步骤解决：

第 1 步。确保您已使用 homebrew 安装了 openssl。

brew install openssl

第 2 步。在终端中：

export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/

对于 Linux，您还可以尝试 yum install 您缺少的库并将它们添加到 LIBRARY_PATH。

Answer 3

对于 Debian 9.x：

apt install libssl-dev

Answer 4

对于 CentOS：

sudo yum install openssl-devel