Python 电子邮件附件为空答案

【问题标题】：Python email attachments are emptyPython 电子邮件附件为空
【发布时间】：2012-06-05 07:10:31
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试使用 Python 2.7 发送带有附件的电子邮件。一切正常，除了附件内容，当它们附加到电子邮件时，附件内容为 0 K。

编码有问题吗？

def sendMail(subject, text, *attachmentFilePaths):
    gmailUser = USER
    gmailPassword = PASSWORD
    recipient = RECIPIENT

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = gmailUser
    msg['To'] = recipient
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text))

    for attachmentFilePath in attachmentFilePaths:
        msg.attach(getAttachment(attachmentFilePath))

    mailServer = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
    mailServer.ehlo()
    mailServer.starttls()
    mailServer.ehlo()
    mailServer.login(gmailUser, gmailPassword)
    mailServer.sendmail(gmailUser, recipient, msg.as_string())
    mailServer.close()

    print('Sent email to %s' % recipient)

def getAttachment(attachmentFilePath):
    contentType, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFilePath)

    if contentType is None or encoding is not None:
        contentType = 'application/octet-stream'
    mainType, subType = contentType.split('/', 1)
    file = open(attachmentFilePath, 'rb')

    if mainType == 'text':
        attachment = MIMEText(file.read())
    elif mainType == 'message':
        attachment = email.message_from_file(file)
    elif mainType == 'image':
        attachment = MIMEImage(file.read(),_subType=subType)
    elif mainType == 'audio':
        attachment = MIMEAudio(file.read(),_subType=subType)
    else:
        attachment = MIMEBase(mainType, subType)

    attachment.set_payload(file.read())
    encode_base64(attachment)
    file.close()
    attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',   filename=os.path.basename(attachmentFilePath))
    return attachment

【问题讨论】：

测试您的 getAttachment 函数是否存在错误。
你能说得更具体点吗？我不确定从哪里开始，因为我是电子邮件模块的新手。
找出错误所在。什么功能没有做它应该做的事情？
为什么要将编码设置为类型？它们是两个截然不同的概念。类型告诉 MIME 部分包含什么类型的数据；编码是文本表示，例如base64 或quoted-printable。

标签： python email attachment email-attachments

【解决方案1】：

这是你的问题：

if mainType == 'text':
    attachment = MIMEText(file.read())                      # <- read file
elif mainType == 'message':
    attachment = email.message_from_file(file)              # <- read file
elif mainType == 'image':
    attachment = MIMEImage(file.read(),_subType=subType)    # <- read file
elif mainType == 'audio':
    attachment = MIMEAudio(file.read(),_subType=subType)    # <- read file
else:
    attachment = MIMEBase(mainType, subType)

attachment.set_payload(file.read())           # <- re-read file !

这意味着除了else 之外，您将始终将有效负载替换为空字符串，因为该文件已被读取。

【讨论】：

谢谢！我没有意识到你不应该每次都设置有效负载。