如何知道python中海龟图形上特定文本的像素大小？

Question

作为标题，当我执行以下代码时

import turtle
turtle.write("some text")

我想知道海龟图形画布上字符串some text的整体大小（包括高度和宽度）。
我该怎么做？

Answer 1

turtle.write 的默认字体是“Arial”，字体大小为 8px，如文档 https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html#turtle.write 中所述。

文本的高度和宽度取决于font 参数。

Answer 2

虽然布兰登几乎给出了答案，但让我举个例子：

>>>>import turtle
>>>>turtle.write('hey hello this is DSP',font=('consolas',8,'bold'))

这可以完成你的工作，Consolas 是字体类型，8 是字体大小，粗体是字体类型。除了粗体，你也可以选择斜体或普通。

Answer 3

字体大小只告诉你一半你需要知道的，即高度：

字体的大小通常被认为是与顶部的距离 从最高字符到最低字符的底部。

来自FontSize.html

但是我们可以通过将turtle.write()的move=选项设置为True来获得宽度。这是一个示例，我想在我刚刚绘制的文本周围画一个框：

from turtle import Turtle, Screen
from tkinter.font import Font

TEXT = "Penny for your thoughts"  # arbitrary text
POSITION = (150, 150)  # arbitrary position

FONT_SIZE = 36  # arbitrary font size
FONT = ('Arial', FONT_SIZE, 'normal')  # arbitrary font

X, Y = 0, 1

def box(turtle, lower_left, upper_right):
    """ Draw a box but clean up after ourselves """

    position = turtle.position()
    isdown = turtle.isdown()

    if isdown:
        turtle.penup()

    turtle.goto(lower_left)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(upper_right[X], lower_left[Y])
    turtle.goto(upper_right)
    turtle.goto(lower_left[X], upper_right[Y])
    turtle.goto(lower_left)

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.setposition(position)

    if isdown:
        turtle.pendown()

screen = Screen()

marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.goto(POSITION)

start = marker.position()
marker.write(TEXT, align='center', move=True, font=FONT)
end = marker.position()

font_config = Font(font=FONT)
font_ascent = font_config.metrics('ascent')
buffer = (font_config.metrics('linespace') - font_ascent) / 2

# Since it's centered, the end[X] - start[X] represents 1/2 the width
box(marker, (2 * start[X] - end[X], start[Y] - buffer), (end[X], start[Y] + font_ascent + buffer))

screen.exitonclick()

现在，这是一个先绘制框，填充它，然后将文本绘制到其中的示例：

from turtle import Turtle, Screen
from tkinter.font import Font

TEXT = "Penny for your thoughts"  # arbitrary text
POSITION = (150, 150)  # arbitrary position

FONT_SIZE = 36  # arbitrary font size
FONT = ('Arial', FONT_SIZE, 'normal')  # arbitrary font

X, Y = 0, 1

# def box(turtle, lower_left, upper_right):
#     """ same as above example """
def box(turtle, lower_left, upper_right):
    """ Draw a box but clean up after ourselves """

    position = turtle.position()
    isdown = turtle.isdown()

    if isdown:
        turtle.penup()

    turtle.goto(lower_left)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.goto(upper_right[X], lower_left[Y])
    turtle.goto(upper_right)
    turtle.goto(lower_left[X], upper_right[Y])
    turtle.goto(lower_left)

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.setposition(position)

    if isdown:
        turtle.pendown()

screen = Screen()

font_config = Font(font=FONT)
font_ascent = font_config.metrics('ascent')
buffer = (font_config.metrics('linespace') - font_ascent) / 2
text_width = font_config.measure(TEXT)

marker = Turtle(visible=False)
marker.penup()
marker.fillcolor('pink')
marker.goto(POSITION)

# Since it's centered, we need to work with half widths
half_width = text_width / 2
marker.begin_fill()
box(marker, (POSITION[X] - half_width, POSITION[Y] - buffer), (POSITION[X] + half_width, POSITION[Y] + font_ascent + buffer))
marker.end_fill()

marker.write(TEXT, align='center', font=FONT)

screen.exitonclick()