【发布时间】：2013-04-25 04:02:39
【问题描述】：
我刚刚使用默认的 GUI 安装程序安装了 MSYS 和 MinGW，选中了所有复选框。然后我做了一个简单的 hello world 程序并尝试在 MSYS 命令行上编译它。这就是发生的事情：
$ gcc test.c
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe:
cannot find -lshell32
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe:
cannot find -luser32
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe:
cannot find -lkernel32
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
带有详细标志：
$ gcc -v test.c
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: mingw32
Configured with: ../gcc-4.6.2/configure --enable-languages=c,c++,ada,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-dwarf2 --enable-shared --enable-libgomp --disable-win32-registry --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --build=mingw32 --prefix=/mingw
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.6.2 (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=i386' '-march=i386'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/cc1.exe -quiet -v -iprefix c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/ test.c -quiet -dumpbase test.c -mtune=i386 -march=i386 -auxbase test -version -o C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\ccz34YZu.s
GNU C (GCC) version 4.6.2 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.6.2, GMP version 5.0.1, MPFR version 2.4.1, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=82 --param ggc-min-heapsize=98237
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/include-fixed
End of search list.
GNU C (GCC) version 4.6.2 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.6.2, GMP version 5.0.1, MPFR version 2.4.1, MPC version 0.8.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=82 --param ggc-min-heapsize=98237
Compiler executable checksum: c20aed7c018482d7b62efcd5dcab2a9d
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=i386' '-march=i386'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/as.exe -o C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\ccgcJLdQ.o C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\ccz34YZu.s
COMPILER_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/;c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/lib/;c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../;/mingw/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-mtune=i386' '-march=i386'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/collect2.exe -Bdynamic c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../crt2.o c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/crtbegin.o -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2 -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/lib -Lc:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../.. -L/mingw/lib C:\DOCUME~1\Owner\LOCALS~1\Temp\ccgcJLdQ.o -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/crtend.o
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lshell32
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -luser32
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lkernel32
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
我做错了什么？我是否需要 Microsoft 开发库，如果需要，我可以从哪里获得它们？
【问题讨论】：
-
尝试
gcc -v test.c以获取有关您的特定错误的更多信息（这是 verbose 开关） -
你去。我添加了 gcc -v 的输出。
-
实际上 gcc 的
-Wl,--verbose选项可能会提供更多信息 - 它告诉链接器指示它在哪里寻找库。我的 mingw32 4.6.1 安装中的 Win SDK 库位于 c:\mingw32\lib 中，但 MinGW 是 TDM 发行版。我已经很长时间没有弄乱官方的 MinGW 安装程序了 - 我发现它太复杂了。 -
我看到
/mingw/lib/在LIBRARY_PATH中——里面有什么文件？libkernel32.a和朋友应该在那里。 -
为什么投反对票？这几天我一直在为此苦苦挣扎，而谷歌对此毫无帮助。我会查看 /mingw/lib 看看里面有什么。