py2app错误运行应用程序

Question

macOS 10.12

我正在尝试将 python 脚本（称为getUrls_douyu.py）打包为独立的应用程序/可执行文件，没有依赖项，所以我使用的是 py2app。问题是，当我在构建后尝试运行我的应用程序时（从终端使用：open getUrls_douyu.app），没有任何反应，并且我收到以下错误提示：

控制台错误：

Detected missing constraints for <private>.  It cannot be placed because there are not enough constraints to fully define the size and origin. Add the missing constraints, or set translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=YES and constraints will be generated for you. If this view is laid out manually on macOS 10.12 and later, you may choose to not call [super layout] from your override. Set a breakpoint on DETECTED_MISSING_CONSTRAINTS to debug. This error will only be logged once.

如果我尝试open getUrls_douyu.app/Contents/MacOS/getUrls_douyu（应用程序包中的可执行文件），我会得到一个不同的错误：

IOError: Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: /Users/<REDACTED>/getUrls_douyu/dist/getUrls_douyu.app/Contents/Resources/lib/python2.7/site-packages.zip/certifi/cacert.pem

但我查了一下，cacert.pem 确实存在，所以由于某种原因证书无效？我的 .py 脚本使用requests 模块从我认为一定是问题的网页中获取内容。这是我的完整 python 脚本：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html = requests.get('https://www.douyu.com/directory/all').text
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
urls = soup.select('.play-list-link')

output = '';
output += '[' #open json array
for i, url in enumerate(urls):
    channelName = str(i);
    channelUrl = 'http://douyu.com' + url.get('href')
    output += '{'
    output += '\"channelName\":' + '\"' + channelName.encode('utf-8') + '\",'
    output += '\"channelUrl\":' + '\"' + channelUrl.encode('utf-8') + '\"'
    output += '},'

output = output[:-1]
output += ']'

print output

当我第一次构建这个脚本时，我是在一个 virtualenv 中完成的，我在其中完成了 pip install requests 和 pip install beautifulsoup4 并测试了脚本成功运行没有问题。

This answer 询问有关 requests 模块的 cacert.pem 错误的问题对我没有帮助。这是我应用给定解决方案时的python脚本：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sys, os

def override_where():
    """ overrides certifi.core.where to return actual location of cacert.pem"""
    # change this to match the location of cacert.pem
    return os.path.abspath("cacert.pem")


# is the program compiled?
if hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
    import certifi.core

    os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"] = override_where()
    certifi.core.where = override_where

    # delay importing until after where() has been replaced
    import requests.utils
    import requests.adapters
    # replace these variables in case these modules were
    # imported before we replaced certifi.core.where
    requests.utils.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()
    requests.adapters.DEFAULT_CA_BUNDLE_PATH = override_where()

html = requests.get('https://www.douyu.com/directory/all').text
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
urls = soup.select('.play-list-link')

output = '';
output += '[' #open json array
for i, url in enumerate(urls):
    channelName = str(i);
    channelUrl = 'http://douyu.com' + url.get('href')
    output += '{'
    output += '\"channelName\":' + '\"' + channelName.encode('utf-8') + '\",'
    output += '\"channelUrl\":' + '\"' + channelUrl.encode('utf-8') + '\"'
    output += '},'

output = output[:-1]
output += ']'

print output

我想我已经正确设置了我的 py2app setup.py 文件...

from setuptools import setup

APP = ['getUrls_douyu.py']
DATA_FILES = []
OPTIONS = {}

setup(
    app=APP,
    data_files=DATA_FILES,
    options={'py2app': OPTIONS},
    setup_requires=['py2app'],
)

抱歉这个冗长的问题！我对python很陌生，所以我想我犯了一些愚蠢的错误。非常感谢任何帮助。

Answer 1

尝试将 py2app 选项更新为：

OPTIONS = {
    'packages': ['certifi',]
}

这样你就明确地让 py2app 包含 certifi 包。

如果你查看它试图找到的 .pem 文件：

../site-packages.zip/certifi/cacert.pem

它将无法在 .zip 中找到任何文件，因为它不是文件夹。

另一个提示/技巧是通过打开来运行您的应用程序

dist/App.app/Contents/MacOS/App

这将打开一个带有日志的终端，帮助您更轻松地调试问题。

Answer 2

快速解决方法：“python setup.py py2app --packages=wx”，

来自作者https://bitbucket.org/ronaldoussoren/py2app/issues/252/py2app-creates-broken-bundles-with