OpenSSL 安装后 Python 3 SSL 失败

Question

每当我在安装 openssl 后尝试运行我的 discord.py discord 机器人时 我收到了这个巨大的错误，据我所知，它的要点是它找不到 Discord 的证书。我用 Bash 和 C++ 进行了测试，它们连接良好，但是我无法通过 python 连接到任何服务器。我已经重新安装了 Certifi 和 CA 证书，以及安装 PyOpenSSL 并手动添加签名密钥。可能是什么问题，我该如何解决？

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 969, in _wrap_create_connection
    return await self._loop.create_connection(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore  # noqa
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1050, in create_connection
    transport, protocol = await self._create_connection_transport(
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1080, in _create_connection_transport
    await waiter
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 529, in data_received
    ssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 189, in feed_ssldata
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/ssl.py", line 944, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./betterbot.py", line 285, in <module>
    valkyriebot.run(TOKEN)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/client.py", line 718, in run
    return future.result()
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/client.py", line 697, in runner
    await self.start(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/client.py", line 660, in start
    await self.login(*args, bot=bot)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/client.py", line 509, in login
    await self.http.static_login(token.strip(), bot=bot)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/http.py", line 293, in static_login
    data = await self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me'))
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/discord/http.py", line 185, in request
    async with self.__session.request(method, url, **kwargs) as r:
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 1117, in __aenter__
    self._resp = await self._coro
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 520, in _request
    conn = await self._connector.connect(
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 535, in connect
    proto = await self._create_connection(req, traces, timeout)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 892, in _create_connection
    _, proto = await self._create_direct_connection(req, traces, timeout)
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 1051, in _create_direct_connection
    raise last_exc
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 1020, in _create_direct_connection
    transp, proto = await self._wrap_create_connection(
  File "/home/valkyrie_pilot/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/aiohttp/connector.py", line 971, in _wrap_create_connection
    raise ClientConnectorCertificateError(req.connection_key, exc) from exc
aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorCertificateError: Cannot connect to host discord.com:443 ssl:True [SSLCertVerificationError: (1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')]```

Answer 1

这个问题可能是因为你有一个新的 VPS。

我发现最好的解决方法是运行 pip install certifi （确保您使用正确版本的 Python 进行 pip，有时可能是 pip3）

然后当你完成后运行： sudo update-ca-certificates

如果您想知道 certifi 是什么，它是一个预先安装了请求的软件包，所以如果您有一个新的 VPS，它就没有安装。它是一次性软件包，因此在安装完成后，您应该永远拥有必要的证书。如果你想自己检查它是什么，这里是GitHub repository of certifi和PyPi project of certifi

祝你有美好的一天，快乐的编码^^