随机字母输入测试中的 Python Tkinter 属性错误条目

Question

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Brett/Documents/shellrunpractice", line 83, in <module>
    app = simpleapp_tk(None)
  File "C:/Users/Brett/Documents/shellrunpractice", line 9, in __init__
    self.initialize()
  File "C:/Users/Brett/Documents/shellrunpractice", line 22, in initialize
    command=self.usertypetest(0),fg="black",bg="green")
  File "C:/Users/Brett/Documents/shellrunpractice", line 66, in usertypetest
    self.keeptime(num1)
  File "C:/Users/Brett/Documents/shellrunpractice", line 44, in keeptime
    self.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1845, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self.tk, attr)
AttributeError: entry

代码如下：

import Tkinter
import random
from time import sleep

class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk):
    def __init__(self,parent):
        Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.initialize()

    def initialize(self):
        self.grid()


        self.labelVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
        label = Tkinter.Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable,anchor="w",fg="blue",bg="gold")
        label.grid(column=0,row=0,sticky='EW')
        self.labelVariable.set(u"Press button to begin!")


        self.button = Tkinter.Button(self,text=u"Start",
                                command=self.usertypetest(0),fg="black",bg="green")
        self.button.grid(column=2,row=0)


        self.labelVariable2 = Tkinter.StringVar()
        label2 = Tkinter.Label(self,textvariable=self.labelVariable2,anchor="w",fg="blue",bg="gold")
        label2.grid(column=1,row=0,sticky='EW')
        self.labelVariable2.set(u'Time')


        self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
        self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,textvariable=self.entryVariable,fg="black",bg="white")
        self.entry.grid(column=0,row=1,columnspan=2,sticky='EW')
        self.entryVariable.set(u"")


        self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
        self.grid_rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
        self.resizable(True,True)


    def keeptime(self,num1):
        self.entry.selection_range(0, Tkinter.END)
        timer = num1
        t = 0
        while timer < 1:
            self.labelVariable2.set(t)
            sleep(.01)
            t += .01 



    def usertype(self):
        randletter = random.choice('qwer')
        self.labelVariable.set("Press "+randletter)
        userinput = self.entryVariable.get
        while userinput == '':
            pass
        if userinput == randletter:
            return 'Correct'    
        else:
            return 'Incorrect'

    def usertypetest(self,num1):
        self.keeptime(num1)
        for x in range(20):
            result = usertype()
            print result
            if result == 'Correct':
                y = y+5
            else:
                y = y-2
        timer += 1
        self.labelVariable.set(str(y)+' is your score')






if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = simpleapp_tk(None)
    app.title('LoL Practice')
    app.geometry("700x50")
    app.configure(background='black')
    app.mainloop()

我不知道为什么我会收到这个问题，因为我刚刚开始学习 Tkinter，而且我还不是很好。

这个程序的目标是当用户点击开始时，一个计时器将启动，打印到一个标签上，他们将看到从 (Q,W,E,R) 中随机选择的字母，他们必须键入尽可能快。程序将为他们计时并在最后根据他们的错误给他们打分，并停止计时器。

我想知道你们是否可以在我的代码中找到任何其他可能导致该错误的错误，如果可以，该怎么做。我意识到我的代码非常糟糕，我才刚开始使用 Tkinter，我还不完全确定一切是如何工作的。

任何关于我如何改进我的编码的一般 cmets 也将不胜感激，任何关于我如何编写程序来做我想做的事情的 cmets 也将不胜感激，因为我觉得我目前的方法不实用/不实用。

Answer 1

command= 只需要函数名 - 没有 () 和参数。

使用command=self.usertypetest(0) 运行self.usertypetest(0)
并将其结果分配给command=。

但self.usertypetest(0) 使用尚未定义的self.entry。

self.entry 在Tkinter.Button(...command=self.usertypetest(0)...) 之后定义

如果您需要带参数的函数，请使用lambda

command=lambda:self.usertypetest(0)

现在它可以工作了。

---

编辑：

完整版：

(我改了一些变量名)

import Tkinter
import random

class simpleapp_tk(Tkinter.Tk):

    def __init__(self,parent):
        Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.initialize()
        self.started = False # True when timer is running

    def initialize(self):
        self.grid()

        self.infoVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
        self.labelInfo = Tkinter.Label(self, textvariable=self.infoVariable, anchor="w", fg="blue", bg="gold")
        self.labelInfo.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='EW')
        self.infoVariable.set(u"Press button to begin!")

        self.buttonStart = Tkinter.Button(self, text=u"Start", command=self.on_buttonStart, fg="black", bg="green")
        self.buttonStart.grid(column=2, row=0)

        self.timeVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
        self.labelTime = Tkinter.Label(self, textvariable=self.timeVariable, anchor="w", fg="blue", bg="gold")
        self.labelTime.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='EW')
        self.timeVariable.set(u'Time')

        self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar()
        self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self, textvariable=self.entryVariable, fg="black", bg="white")
        self.entry.grid(column=0, row=1, columnspan=2, sticky='EW')
        self.entryVariable.set(u"")
        self.entry.bind('<Key>', self.on_key) # event

        self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
        self.grid_rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
        self.resizable(True,True)


    def on_buttonStart(self):
        if not self.started:
            # reset values
            self.started = True
            self.number_of_letters = 20
            self.score = 0
            self.time = 0.0
            # select first letter
            self.randletter = random.choice('qwer')
            # show first letter and score
            self.infoVariable.set('Score:' + str(self.score)+' | Press ' + self.randletter)
            # start timer
            self.after(100, self.timer)

    def on_key(self, event):
        if not self.started:
            self.entryVariable.set('')
        else:
            if event.char == self.randletter:
                print 'Correct', event.char
                self.score += 5
            else:
                print 'Incorrect', event.char
                self.score -= 2

            self.number_of_letters -= 1

            if self.number_of_letters == 0:
                self.started = False
                self.entryVariable.set('')
                self.infoVariable.set('Score:' + str(self.score))
            else:
                self.randletter = random.choice('qwer')
                self.infoVariable.set('Score:' + str(self.score)+' | Press ' + self.randletter)

    def timer(self):
        if self.started:
            self.time += .1
            self.timeVariable.set('Time: ' + str(round(self.time,1)) )
            self.after(100, self.timer)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = simpleapp_tk(None)
    app.title('LoL Practice')
    app.geometry("700x50")
    app.configure(background='black')
    app.mainloop()