离线时可以使用 OKHttp 进行改造吗？

Question

我正在尝试使用 Retrofit 和 OKHttp 来缓存 HTTP 响应。我关注了this gist，最后得到了这段代码：

File httpCacheDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "responses");

HttpResponseCache httpResponseCache = null;
try {
     httpResponseCache = new HttpResponseCache(httpCacheDirectory, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
} catch (IOException e) {
     Log.e("Retrofit", "Could not create http cache", e);
}

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
okHttpClient.setResponseCache(httpResponseCache);

api = new RestAdapter.Builder()
          .setEndpoint(API_URL)
          .setLogLevel(RestAdapter.LogLevel.FULL)
          .setClient(new OkClient(okHttpClient))
          .build()
          .create(MyApi.class);

这是带有 Cache-Control 标头的 MyApi

public interface MyApi {
   @Headers("Cache-Control: public, max-age=640000, s-maxage=640000 , max-stale=2419200")
   @GET("/api/v1/person/1/")
   void requestPerson(
           Callback<Person> callback
   );

首先我在线请求并检查缓存文件。正确的 JSON 响应和标头在那里。但是当我尝试离线请求时，我总是得到RetrofitError UnknownHostException。我还应该做些什么来让 Retrofit 从缓存中读取响应？

编辑： 由于 OKHttp 2.0.x HttpResponseCache 是 Cache，setResponseCache 是 setCache

Answer 1

为 Retrofit 2.x 编辑：

OkHttp拦截器是离线访问缓存的正确方式：

1) 创建拦截器：

private static final Interceptor REWRITE_CACHE_CONTROL_INTERCEPTOR = new Interceptor() {
    @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
        Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());
        if (Utils.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {
            int maxAge = 60; // read from cache for 1 minute
            return originalResponse.newBuilder()
                    .header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + maxAge)
                    .build();
        } else {
            int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 28; // tolerate 4-weeks stale
            return originalResponse.newBuilder()
                    .header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale)
                    .build();
        }
    }

2) 设置客户端：

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.networkInterceptors().add(REWRITE_CACHE_CONTROL_INTERCEPTOR);

//setup cache
File httpCacheDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "responses");
int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
Cache cache = new Cache(httpCacheDirectory, cacheSize);

//add cache to the client
client.setCache(cache);

3) 添加客户端进行改造

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
        .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
        .client(client)
        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
        .build();

同时查看 @kosiara - Bartosz Kosarzycki 的 answer。您可能需要从响应中删除一些标头。

---

OKHttp 2.0.x（查看原答案）：

由于 OKHttp 2.0.x HttpResponseCache 是 Cache，setResponseCache 是 setCache。所以你应该像这样setCache：

        File httpCacheDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "responses");

        Cache cache = null;
        try {
            cache = new Cache(httpCacheDirectory, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.e("OKHttp", "Could not create http cache", e);
        }

        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
        if (cache != null) {
            okHttpClient.setCache(cache);
        }
        String hostURL = context.getString(R.string.host_url);

        api = new RestAdapter.Builder()
                .setEndpoint(hostURL)
                .setClient(new OkClient(okHttpClient))
                .setRequestInterceptor(/*rest of the answer here */)
                .build()
                .create(MyApi.class);

---

原答案：

事实证明，服务器响应必须有Cache-Control: public 才能使OkClient 从缓存中读取。

此外，如果您想在可用时从网络请求，您应该添加Cache-Control: max-age=0 请求标头。 This answer 展示了如何参数化。我是这样使用的：

RestAdapter.Builder builder= new RestAdapter.Builder()
   .setRequestInterceptor(new RequestInterceptor() {
        @Override
        public void intercept(RequestFacade request) {
            request.addHeader("Accept", "application/json;versions=1");
            if (MyApplicationUtils.isNetworkAvailable(context)) {
                int maxAge = 60; // read from cache for 1 minute
                request.addHeader("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + maxAge);
            } else {
                int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 28; // tolerate 4-weeks stale
                request.addHeader("Cache-Control", 
                    "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale);
            }
        }
});

Answer 2

上面所有的答案都不适合我。我尝试在 retrofit 2.0.0-beta2 中实现离线缓存。我使用okHttpClient.networkInterceptors() 方法添加了一个拦截器，但是当我尝试离线使用缓存时收到了java.net.UnknownHostException。原来我还得加okHttpClient.interceptors()。

问题在于缓存没有写入闪存，因为服务器返回了Pragma:no-cache，这会阻止 OkHttp 存储响应。即使在修改请求标头值之后，离线缓存也不起作用。经过一些反复试验后，我通过从响应而不是请求中删除 pragma 来使缓存正常工作而无需修改后端 - response.newBuilder().removeHeader("Pragma");

改造：2.0.0-beta2； OkHttp：2.5.0

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = createCachedClient(context);
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
        .client(okHttpClient)
        .baseUrl(API_URL)
        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
        .build();
service = retrofit.create(RestDataResource.class);

...

private OkHttpClient createCachedClient(final Context context) {
    File httpCacheDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "cache_file");

    Cache cache = new Cache(httpCacheDirectory, 20 * 1024 * 1024);
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    okHttpClient.setCache(cache);
    okHttpClient.interceptors().add(
            new Interceptor() {
                @Override
                public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
                    Request originalRequest = chain.request();
                    String cacheHeaderValue = isOnline(context) 
                        ? "public, max-age=2419200" 
                        : "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=2419200" ;
                    Request request = originalRequest.newBuilder().build();
                    Response response = chain.proceed(request);
                    return response.newBuilder()
                        .removeHeader("Pragma")
                        .removeHeader("Cache-Control")
                        .header("Cache-Control", cacheHeaderValue)
                        .build();
                }
            }
    );
    okHttpClient.networkInterceptors().add(
            new Interceptor() {
                @Override
                public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
                    Request originalRequest = chain.request();
                    String cacheHeaderValue = isOnline(context) 
                        ? "public, max-age=2419200" 
                        : "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=2419200" ;
                    Request request = originalRequest.newBuilder().build();
                    Response response = chain.proceed(request);
                    return response.newBuilder()
                        .removeHeader("Pragma")
                        .removeHeader("Cache-Control")
                        .header("Cache-Control", cacheHeaderValue)
                        .build();
                }
            }
    );
    return okHttpClient;
}

...

public interface RestDataResource {

    @GET("rest-data") 
    Call<List<RestItem>> getRestData();

}

Answer 3

我的解决方案：

private BackendService() {

    httpCacheDirectory = new File(context.getCacheDir(),  "responses");
    int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
    Cache cache = new Cache(httpCacheDirectory, cacheSize);

    httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .addNetworkInterceptor(REWRITE_RESPONSE_INTERCEPTOR)
            .addInterceptor(OFFLINE_INTERCEPTOR)
            .cache(cache)
            .build();

    Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.backend.com")
            .client(httpClient)
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
            .build();

    backendApi = retrofit.create(BackendApi.class);
}

private static final Interceptor REWRITE_RESPONSE_INTERCEPTOR = chain -> {
    Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());
    String cacheControl = originalResponse.header("Cache-Control");

    if (cacheControl == null || cacheControl.contains("no-store") || cacheControl.contains("no-cache") ||
            cacheControl.contains("must-revalidate") || cacheControl.contains("max-age=0")) {
        return originalResponse.newBuilder()
                .header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + 10)
                .build();
    } else {
        return originalResponse;
    }
};

private static final Interceptor OFFLINE_INTERCEPTOR = chain -> {
    Request request = chain.request();

    if (!isOnline()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "rewriting request");

        int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 28; // tolerate 4-weeks stale
        request = request.newBuilder()
                .header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + maxStale)
                .build();
    }

    return chain.proceed(request);
};

public static boolean isOnline() {
    ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) MyApplication.getApplication().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    NetworkInfo netInfo = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
    return netInfo != null && netInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting();
}

Answer 4

答案是肯定的，基于以上答案，我开始编写单元测试来验证所有可能的用例：

• 离线时使用缓存
• 先使用缓存响应直到过期，然后再使用网络
• 先使用网络，然后缓存一些请求
• 不要将某些响应存储在缓存中

我建立了一个小的帮助库来轻松配置OKHttp缓存，你可以在Github上看到相关的单元测试：https://github.com/ncornette/OkCacheControl/blob/master/okcache-control/src/test/java/com/ncornette/cache/OkCacheControlTest.java

演示离线时使用缓存的单元测试：

@Test
public void test_USE_CACHE_WHEN_OFFLINE() throws Exception {
    //given
    givenResponseInCache("Expired Response in cache", -5, MINUTES);
    given(networkMonitor.isOnline()).willReturn(false);

    //when
    //This response is only used to not block when test fails
    mockWebServer.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(404));
    Response response = getResponse();

    //then
    then(response.body().string()).isEqualTo("Expired Response in cache");
    then(cache.hitCount()).isEqualTo(1);
}

如您所见，缓存即使过期也可以使用。 希望它会有所帮助。

Answer 5

在@kosiara-bartosz-kasarzycki 的answer 的基础上，我创建了一个示例项目，该项目使用改造、okhttp、rxjava 和番石榴从内存->磁盘->网络正确加载。 https://github.com/digitalbuddha/StoreDemo

Answer 6

使用 Retrofit2 和 OkHTTP3 进行缓存：

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient
  .Builder()
  .cache(new Cache(App.sApp.getCacheDir(), 10 * 1024 * 1024)) // 10 MB
  .addInterceptor(new Interceptor() {
    @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
      Request request = chain.request();
      if (NetworkUtils.isNetworkAvailable()) {
        request = request.newBuilder().header("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=" + 60).build();
      } else {
        request = request.newBuilder().header("Cache-Control", "public, only-if-cached, max-stale=" + 60 * 60 * 24 * 7).build();
      }
      return chain.proceed(request);
    }
  })
  .build();

NetworkUtils.isNetworkAvailable() 静态方法：

public static boolean isNetworkAvailable(Context context) {
        ConnectivityManager cm =
                (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo activeNetwork = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        return activeNetwork != null &&
                activeNetwork.isConnectedOrConnecting();
    }

然后只需将客户端添加到改造构建器：

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                    .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
                    .client(client)
                    .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                    .build();

原文来源：https://newfivefour.com/android-retrofit2-okhttp3-cache-network-request-offline.html

Answer 7

注意！ OkHttp 内置缓存仅适用于GET 方法（参考上述解决方案）。如果要缓存POST请求，必须自己实现。