在一对 y 坐标之间绘制一条线

Question

我正在尝试绘制以下代码，其中 data1、data2、data3 是向量。

data1 = np.array(means1) 
print('data1=',data1)

data2 = np.array(ci_l) 
print('data2',data2)

data3 = np.array(ci_h) 
print('data3',data3)

x = data1
y = np.concatenate([data2[:,None],data3[:,None]], axis=1)

print('x=', x,'y=',y)

plt.plot(x, [i for (i,j) in y], 'rs', markersize = 4)
plt.plot(x, [j for (i,j) in y], 'bo', markersize = 4)
plt.show()

对于您在代码中看到的每个 x 点，我有两个 y 点。当我运行代码时，我得到以下输出：

data1= [[22.8]
 [31.6]
 [27.4]
 [30.4]
 [30.6]]
data2 [[21.80474319]
 [30.60474319]
 [26.40474319]
 [29.40474319]
 [29.60474319]]
data3 [[23.79525681]
 [32.59525681]
 [28.39525681]
 [31.39525681]
 [31.59525681]]
x= [[22.8]
 [31.6]
 [27.4]
 [30.4]
 [30.6]] y= [[[21.80474319]
  [23.79525681]]

 [[30.60474319]
  [32.59525681]]

 [[26.40474319]
  [28.39525681]]

 [[29.40474319]
  [31.39525681]]

 [[29.60474319]
  [31.59525681]]]

还有这个图：

我的问题是如何绘制一条连接每对 y 对的线？我的问题与此类似：

Matplotlib how to draw vertical line between two Y points>

我尝试按照代码中的建议添加以下行：

plt.plot((x,x),([i for (i,j) in y], [j for (i,j) in y]),c='black')

但我收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/oltiana/Desktop/datamining/chapter4.py", line 151, in <module>
    plt.plot((x,x),([i for (i,j) in y], [j for (i,j) in y]),c='black')
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 3019, in plot
    return gca().plot(
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 1605, in plot
    lines = [*self._get_lines(*args, data=data, **kwargs)]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 315, in __call__
    yield from self._plot_args(this, kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 504, in _plot_args
    raise ValueError(f"x and y can be no greater than 2D, but have "
ValueError: x and y can be no greater than 2D, but have shapes (2, 5, 1) and (2, 5, 1)

我尝试使用 shape 和 reshape bout 解决问题仍然不起作用。任何建议都会对我有所帮助。谢谢！

Answer 1

试着写

for x1,y1y2 in zip(x,y):
    
    plt.plot([x1,x1],y1y2,'k-') #'k-' to prevent automatic coloring

之前

plt.plot(x, [i for (i,j) in y], 'ro', markersize = 4)
plt.plot(x, [j for (i,j) in y], 'bs', markersize = 4)

这将为每对点绘制一个两点图。 这将在视觉上起作用，但可能会弄乱自动图例

Answer 2

我注意到您的数据数组看起来都像二维列表 - 每个数字都是它自己的列表中的唯一元素！ （[[22.8], [31.6], ...] 而不是[22.8, 31.6, ...]）

这就是您收到形状错误的原因。有几种方法可以解决这个问题，但一种简单的方法是在每个数组上调用 .flatten()。这会将其简化为一维的，您的代码可以很好地处理这样的数据。

data1 = np.array(means1).flatten()
data2 = np.array(ci_l).flatten()
data3 = np.array(ci_h).flatten()

...