Matplotlib 控制条之间的间距

Question

我正在尝试在两个特定条之间插入间距，但找不到任何简单的方法来做到这一点。我可以手动添加一个高度为 0 的虚拟行来创建和留空空间，但不能让我控制空间的宽度。有没有更程序化的方法可以用来控制任意位置的条之间的间距？

示例代码：

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

mydict = {
    'Event': ['Running', 'Swimming', 'Biking', '', 'Hiking', 'Jogging'],
    'Completed': [2, 4, 3, 0, 7, 9],
    'Participants': [10, 20, 35, 0, 10, 20]}

df = pd.DataFrame(mydict).set_index('Event')
df = df.assign(Completion=(df.Completed / df.Participants) * 100)

plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 4))

print(df.index)
ax = sns.barplot(x=df.Completion, y=df.index, color="orange", orient='h')

plt.xticks(rotation=60)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

DataFrame 输出示例：

          Completed  Participants  Completion
Event                                        
Running           2            10   20.000000
Swimming          4            20   20.000000
Biking            3            35    8.571429
                  0             0         NaN
Hiking            7            10   70.000000
Jogging           9            20   45.000000

示例输出（在代码外部添加蓝色箭头以显示添加空行的位置。）：

Answer 1

我认为您可以访问框的位置和标签的名称。然后修改它们。根据您的用例，您可能会找到更通用的方法，但这适用于给定的示例。

#define a function to add space starting a specific label
def add_space_after(ax, label_shift='', extra_space=0):
    bool_space = False
    # get postion of current ticks
    ticks_position = np.array(ax.get_yticks()).astype(float)
    # iterate over the boxes/label
    for i, (patch, label) in enumerate(zip(ax.patches, ax.get_yticklabels())):
        # if the label to start the shift found
        if label.get_text()==label_shift: bool_space = True
        # reposition the boxes and the labels afterward
        if bool_space:
            patch.set_y(patch.get_y() + extra_space)
            ticks_position[i] += extra_space
    # in the case where the spacing is needed
    if bool_space:
        ax.set_yticks(ticks_position)
        ax.set_ylim([ax.get_ylim()[0]+extra_space, ax.get_ylim()[1]])

#note: no more blank row
mydict = {
    'Event': ['Running', 'Swimming', 'Biking', 'Hiking', 'Jogging'],
    'Completed': [2, 4, 3, 7, 9],
    'Participants': [10, 20, 35, 10, 20]}
df = pd.DataFrame(mydict).set_index('Event')
df = df.assign(Completion=(df.Completed / df.Participants) * 100)

ax = sns.barplot(x=df.Completion, y=df.index, color="orange", orient='h')
plt.xticks(rotation=60)
plt.tight_layout()

#use the function
add_space_after(ax, 'Hiking', 0.6)

plt.show()