Flutter：如何使用 fcm 以编程方式发送推送通知

Question

我正在创建一个聊天应用程序，如果此人有新消息，我想使用 fcm 发送通知，但我不知道如何继续。我发现的所有教程都用于从 firebase 发送消息。但是我想在有新消息给这个人时自动发送它

Answer 1

我将在这里列出一些我参与的相关问题并提供答案。我想您会发现很多有关在聊天应用中使用 Firebase 云消息传递 (FCM) 的相关信息。

1. Is FCM the only way to build a chat app ?
2. Suggested approach to use FCM in a chat app
3. Is using topics a better solution then using the fcmToken in a chat app?
4. Problems with FCM onMessage while app is in background
5. Problem: after logoff, user continues to receive notifications

祝你好运！

Answer 2

如果您使用 firebase，可能的解决方法应该是这样的：

您需要为特定用户存储每个 Firebase FCM 令牌（此处需要考虑到用户可以从多个设备同时登录其帐户），以便您可以存储 userId em> 和他的 deviceUniqueId on flutter 你可以从 device_info https://pub.dev/packages/device_info 获得它：

  String identifier;
  final DeviceInfoPlugin deviceInfoPlugin = new DeviceInfoPlugin();
  try {
    if (Platform.isAndroid) {
      var build = await deviceInfoPlugin.androidInfo;
      identifier = build.id.toString();
    } else if (Platform.isIOS) {
      var data = await deviceInfoPlugin.iosInfo;
      identifier = data.identifierForVendor;//UUID for iOS
    }
  } on PlatformException {
    print('Failed to get platform version');
  }

然后要获取 Firebase 为每个设备提供的唯一 CFM 令牌，您可以使用 Firebase firebase_messaging 插件 (https://pub.dev/packages/firebase_messaging) getToken() 获取它并将令牌插入到 Firestore（或您要存储它的其他数据库）

  FirebaseMessaging firebaseMessaging = new FirebaseMessaging();

  firebaseMessaging.requestNotificationPermissions(
      const IosNotificationSettings(sound: true, badge: true, alert: true));
  firebaseMessaging.onIosSettingsRegistered
      .listen((IosNotificationSettings settings) {
    print("Settings registered: $settings");
  });

  firebaseMessaging.getToken().then((token){

    print('--- Firebase toke here ---');
    Firestore.instance.collection(constant.userID).document(identifier).setData({ 'token': token});
    print(token);

  });

之后，您可以为一个用户插入一个或多个连接到多个设备的 FCM 令牌。 1 个用户……n 个设备，1 个设备……1 个唯一令牌，用于从 Firebase 获取推送通知。

当有新消息发送给该人时自动发送：现在您需要调用 Firestore API（确实非常快，但需要注意您在此处使用的计划限制) 或另一个 API 调用（如果您将令牌存储到另一个数据库），以便为每个用户获取令牌/令牌并发送推送通知。

要从 Flutter 发送推送通知，您可以使用 Future 异步函数。 Ps：我在这里传递一个 List 作为参数，以便使用 "registration_ids" 而不是 "to" 并将推送通知发送到多个令牌，如果用户已经在多个设备上登录。

Future<bool> callOnFcmApiSendPushNotifications(List <String> userToken) async {

  final postUrl = 'https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send';
  final data = {
    "registration_ids" : userToken,
    "collapse_key" : "type_a",
    "notification" : {
      "title": 'NewTextTitle',
      "body" : 'NewTextBody',
    }
  };

  final headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': constant.firebaseTokenAPIFCM // 'key=YOUR_SERVER_KEY'
  };

  final response = await http.post(postUrl,
      body: json.encode(data),
      encoding: Encoding.getByName('utf-8'),
      headers: headers);

  if (response.statusCode == 200) {
    // on success do sth
    print('test ok push CFM');
    return true;
  } else {
    print(' CFM error');
    // on failure do sth
    return false;
  }
}

您还可以检查邮递员的邮递电话以进行一些测试。 POST 请求 在标题上添加：

1. key 授权 value key=AAAAO........ // 项目概览 -> 云消息传递 -> 服务器密钥
2. key Content-Type with value application/json

并在正文上添加

{
 "registration_ids" :[ "userUniqueToken1", "userUniqueToken2",... ],
 "collapse_key" : "type_a",
 "notification" : {
     "body" : "Test post",
     "title": "Push notifications E"
 }
}

"registration_ids" 将其发送到多个令牌（同一用户同时登录多个设备） “to” 以便将其发送到单个令牌（每个用户一个设备/或始终更新与他的设备连接的用户令牌并具有 1 个令牌...1 个用户）

我正在对响应进行编辑，以便在受信任的环境或服务器上添加FCM 服务器密钥非常重要！

Answer 3

    //Notification Sending Side Using Dio flutter Library to make http post request

        static Future<void> sendNotification(receiver,msg)async{

        var token = await getToken(receiver);
        print('token : $token');

        final data = {
          "notification": {"body": "Accept Ride Request", "title": "This is Ride Request"},
          "priority": "high",
          "data": {
            "click_action": "FLUTTER_NOTIFICATION_CLICK",
            "id": "1",
            "status": "done"
          },
          "to": "$token"
        };

        final headers = {
          'content-type': 'application/json',
          'Authorization': 'key=AAAAY2mZqb4:APA91bH38d3b4mgc4YpVJ0eBgDez1jxEzCNTq1Re6sJQNZ2OJvyvlZJYx7ZASIrAj1DnSfVJL-29qsyPX6u8MyakmzlY-MRZeXOodkIdYoWgwvPVhNhJmfrTC6ZC2wG7lcmgXElA6E09'
        };


        BaseOptions options = new BaseOptions(
          connectTimeout: 5000,
          receiveTimeout: 3000,
          headers: headers,
        );


        try {
          final response = await Dio(options).post(postUrl,
              data: data);

          if (response.statusCode == 200) {
            Fluttertoast.showToast(msg: 'Request Sent To Driver');
          } else {
            print('notification sending failed');
            // on failure do sth
          }
        }
        catch(e){
          print('exception $e');
        }




      }

      static Future<String> getToken(userId)async{

        final Firestore _db = Firestore.instance;

        var token;
        await _db.collection('users')
            .document(userId)
            .collection('tokens').getDocuments().then((snapshot){
              snapshot.documents.forEach((doc){
                token = doc.documentID;
              });
        });

        return token;


      }


    //Now Receiving End 

        class _LoginPageState extends State<LoginPage>
        with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {

      final Firestore _db = Firestore.instance;
      final FirebaseMessaging _fcm = FirebaseMessaging();

      StreamSubscription iosSubscription;



    //this code will go inside intiState function 

    if (Platform.isIOS) {
          iosSubscription = _fcm.onIosSettingsRegistered.listen((data) {
            // save the token  OR subscribe to a topic here
          });

          _fcm.requestNotificationPermissions(IosNotificationSettings());
        }
        _fcm.configure(
          onMessage: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
            print("onMessage: $message");
            showDialog(
              context: context,
              builder: (context) => AlertDialog(
                content: ListTile(
                  title: Text(message['notification']['title']),
                  subtitle: Text(message['notification']['body']),
                ),
                actions: <Widget>[
                  FlatButton(
                    child: Text('Ok'),
                    onPressed: () => Navigator.of(context).pop(),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            );
          },
          onLaunch: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
            print("onLaunch: $message");
            // TODO optional
          },
          onResume: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
            print("onResume: $message");
            // TODO optional
          },
        );

//saving token while signing in or signing up
 _saveDeviceToken(uid) async {
    // FirebaseUser user = await _auth.currentUser();

    // Get the token for this device
    String fcmToken = await _fcm.getToken();

    // Save it to Firestore
    if (fcmToken != null) {
      var tokens = _db
          .collection('users')
          .document(uid)
          .collection('tokens')
          .document(fcmToken);

      await tokens.setData({
        'token': fcmToken,
        'createdAt': FieldValue.serverTimestamp(), // optional
        'platform': Platform.operatingSystem // optional
      });
    }
  }