如何在 CentOs 中修复“Python 中的 ssl 模块不可用”

Question

在 GoDaddy VPS CentOs 7 上安装新的 Python 3.7.1。 尝试 pip3 install virtualenv 或 python 3 -m pip install virtualenv 并获取：

pip 配置了需要 TLS/SSL 的位置，但是 Python 中的 ssl 模块不可用。

openssl-devel 已安装并且是最新的

这个问题已经被问过很多次了，但是我找到的解决方案并没有解决我的问题。 谢谢大家！

我尝试了以下基于 CentO 和 Linux 的解决方案：

"SSL module in Python is not available" when installing package with pip3 # 允许构建 python ssl 库 百胜安装 openssl-devel # 下载any python版本的源码 cd /usr/src wgethttps://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tar.xz tar xf Python-3.7.1.tar.xz cd Python-3.7.1

  # Configure the build w/ your installed libraries
  ./configure

  # Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.6, don't overwrite global python bin
  make altinstall

Trying to install packages with Python 3.7.2 pip causes TSL/SSL errors

"SSL module in Python is not available" when installing package with pip3

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

pip cannot confirm SSL certificate: SSL module is not available

"ssl module in Python is not available" 和 pip cannot confirm SSL certificate: SSL module is not available

  `uncommented suggestions for CentOs
  make install failed:
    gcc -pthread -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall    -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit-function-declaration   -I. -I./Include     -DUSE_SSL -I/include -I/include/openssl -c ./Modules/_ssl.c -o Modules/_ssl.o
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:74:6: error: #error "libssl is too old and does not support X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host()"
    ./Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_ssl_configure_hostname’:
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:861: error: implicit declaration of function ‘SSL_get0_param’
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:861: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:863: error: implicit declaration of function ‘X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host’
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:869: error: implicit declaration of function ‘X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip’
    ./Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘_ssl__SSLContext_impl’:
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:2988: error: ‘X509_CHECK_FLAG_NO_PARTIAL_WILDCARDS’ undeclared (first use in this function)
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:2988: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:2988: error: for each function it appears in.)
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3093: error: implicit declaration of function ‘SSL_CTX_get0_param’
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3093: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3099: error: implicit declaration of function ‘X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_hostflags’
    ./Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘get_verify_flags’:
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3397: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
    ./Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘set_verify_flags’:
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3410: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
    ./Modules/_ssl.c: In function ‘set_host_flags’:
    ./Modules/_ssl.c:3573: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
    make: *** [Modules/_ssl.o] Error 1`

https://www.tomordonez.com/pip-install-ssl-module-python-is-not-available.html

Answer 1

Kevin Lemaire 对上一个答案的小幅更正

这是适用于 Python 3.7.9 和 CentOS 7.8.2003 的有效解决方案：

su - root
yum install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel -y
cd /usr/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/Python-3.7.9.tgz
tar xzf Python-3.7.9.tgz
cd Python-3.7.9

在 Modules/Setup 中，取消注释这 4 行：

SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
    -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
    -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

最后：

./configure --enable-optimizations
make altinstall

Answer 2

这是适用于 Python 3.7.9 和 CentOS 7.8.2003 的有效解决方案：

su - root
yum install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel -y
cd /usr/src
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.9/Python-3.7.9.tgz
tar xzf Python-3.7.9.tgz
cd Python-3.7.9

在 /usr/src/Python-3.7.9/Modules/Setup.dist 中，取消注释这 4 行：

SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
    -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
    -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

最后：

./configure --enable-optimizations
make altinstall

Answer 3

请阅读this article

基本上你需要先安装openssl，并在安装之前在python源代码的Modules/Setup文件中取消注释ssl相关行。 这对我安装 Python 3.8 很有用。

Answer 4

我在openssl的版本不兼容时看到了这个错误。当您在不是最新版本的 Linux 系统上安装较新的 Python（例如 3.7.2）时，这种情况更有可能发生。

我会检查这个版本的 Python 需要什么版本的 SSL 库，如有必要，在本地安装它们。

这是构建 SSL 库的基本描述：DreamHost instructions for Installing Local OpenSSL Version

您将需要在调用 ./config 时添加以下选项来再次构建 Python：

--with-openssl=/path/to/your/local/install

Answer 5

解决方案：Python 3.6.2 而不是 3.7.1