这是我的建议,用于自动应用服务器 cookie 并基本上模仿标准客户端会话行为。
(无耻地受到@pope 的回答554580 的启发。)
import urllib2
import urllib
from lxml import etree
_TARGET_URL = 'https://www.paoilandgasreporting.state.pa.us/publicreports/Modules/DataExports/ExportProductionData.aspx?PERIOD_ID=2013-0'
_AGREEMENT_URL = 'https://www.paoilandgasreporting.state.pa.us/publicreports/Modules/Welcome/Agreement.aspx'
_CSV_OUTPUT = 'urllib2_ProdExport2013-0.csv'
class _MyHTTPRedirectHandler(urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler):
def http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
print 'Follow redirect...' # Any cookie manipulation in-between redirects should be implemented here.
return urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers)
http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_302
cookie_processor = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(_MyHTTPRedirectHandler, cookie_processor)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
response_html = urllib2.urlopen(_TARGET_URL).read()
print 'Cookies collected:', cookie_processor.cookiejar
page_node, submit_form = etree.HTML(response_html), {} # ElementTree node + dict for storing hidden input fields.
for input_name in ['ctl00$MainContent$AgreeButton', '__EVENTVALIDATION', '__VIEWSTATE']: # Form `input` fields used on the ``Agreement.aspx`` page.
submit_form[input_name] = page_node.xpath('//input[@name="%s"][1]' % input_name)[0].attrib['value']
print 'Form input \'%s\' found (value: \'%s\')' % (input_name, submit_form[input_name])
# Submits the agreement form back to ``_AGREEMENT_URL``, which redirects to the CSV download at ``_TARGET_URL``.
csv_output = opener.open(_AGREEMENT_URL, data=urllib.urlencode(submit_form)).read()
print csv_output
with file(_CSV_OUTPUT, 'wb') as f: # Dumps the CSV output to ``_CSV_OUTPUT``.
f.write(csv_output)
f.close()
祝你好运!
[编辑]
关于事情的为什么,我认为@Steinar Lima 在要求会话cookie 方面是正确的。尽管除非您已经访问过Agreement.aspx 页面并通过提供商的网站提交了响应,否则您从浏览器的网络检查器复制的 cookie 只会导致另一个重定向到 Welcome to the PA DEP Oil & Gas Reporting网站 欢迎页面。这当然消除了让 Python 脚本为您完成这项工作的全部意义。