非法 base64url 字符：“”从令牌 Java JWT Spring Boot 获取声明/解码时答案

【问题标题】：Illegal base64url character: ' ' when getting claims/decode from token Java JWT Spring Boot非法 base64url 字符：“”从令牌 Java JWT Spring Boot 获取声明/解码时
【发布时间】：2021-04-23 05:17:36
【问题描述】：

当我从 JWT 令牌获得一些声明以验证用户身份验证时，我收到以下错误：

Illegal base64url character: ' '

创建 JWT 完全没问题，但“解码”似乎有一些问题...... 我还尝试使用 base64url 解码器在获取声明之前对令牌进行解码，但随后令牌无效。

我在其中对令牌进行编码和“解码”的 JWToken 类：

@Component
public class JWToken {

    private static final String JWT_USERNAME_CLAIM = "sub";
    private static final String JWT_ADMIN_CLAIM = "admin";

    @Value("${jwt.issuer}")
    private String issuer;

    @Value("${jwt.passPhrase}")
    private String passPhrase;

    @Value("${jwt.duration-of-validity}")
    private int expiration;


   public String encode(String name, boolean admin) {
       String token = Jwts.builder()
               .claim(JWT_USERNAME_CLAIM, name)
               .claim(JWT_ADMIN_CLAIM, admin)
               .setSubject(name)
               .setIssuer(issuer)
               .setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
               .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration * 1000))
               .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, passPhrase).compact();

       return token;
   }


    //for retrieving any information from token we will need the secret key
    private Claims getAllClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(passPhrase).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    }

    public <T> T getClaimFromToken(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
        final Claims claims = getAllClaimsFromToken(token);
        return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
    }

    //retrieve username from jwt token
    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getSubject);
    }

    //retrieve expiration date from jwt token
    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getExpiration);
    }

    //check if the token has expired
    private Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        final Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken(token);
        return expiration.before(new Date());
    }

    //validate token
    public Boolean validateToken(String token, String name) {
        final String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
        return (username.equals(name) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    }
    


}

我的请求过滤器：

@Component
public class JWTRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    private static final Set<String> SECURED_PATHS =
            Set.of("/api/offers", "/api/bids");

    private final JWToken jwToken;

    @Autowired
    public JWTRequestFilter(JWToken jwToken) {
        this.jwToken = jwToken;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {



        final String requestTokenHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        String username = null;
        String jwtToken = null;

        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();

        if (HttpMethod.OPTIONS.matches(request.getMethod()) || SECURED_PATHS.stream().noneMatch(servletPath::startsWith)) {

            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // JWT Token is in the form "Bearer token". Remove Bearer word and get
        // only the Token
        if (requestTokenHeader != null && requestTokenHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            jwtToken = requestTokenHeader.substring(7);
            try {
                System.out.println(jwtToken);
                username = jwToken.getUsernameFromToken(jwtToken);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                System.out.println("Unable to get JWT Token");
                throw new AuthenticationException("authentication problem");
            } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
                throw new AuthenticationException("authentication problem");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println(requestTokenHeader);
            logger.warn("JWT Token does not begin with Bearer String");
            //throw new AuthenticationException("authentication problem");
        }

        if(jwToken.validateToken(jwtToken, username)){
            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
        }

        // Once we get the token validate it.

        }

}

当我使用标头中生成的 JWT 令牌对 /api/offers 执行获取请求时，控制台中出现错误：

io.jsonwebtoken.io.DecodingException: Illegal base64url character: ' '
    at io.jsonwebtoken.io.Base64.ctoi(Base64.java:221) ~[jjwt-api-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.io.Base64.decodeFast(Base64.java:270) ~[jjwt-api-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.io.Base64Decoder.decode(Base64Decoder.java:36) ~[jjwt-api-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.io.Base64Decoder.decode(Base64Decoder.java:23) ~[jjwt-api-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.io.ExceptionPropagatingDecoder.decode(ExceptionPropagatingDecoder.java:36) ~[jjwt-api-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.impl.DefaultJwtParser.parse(DefaultJwtParser.java:309) ~[jjwt-impl-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.impl.DefaultJwtParser.parse(DefaultJwtParser.java:550) ~[jjwt-impl-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at io.jsonwebtoken.impl.DefaultJwtParser.parseClaimsJws(DefaultJwtParser.java:610) ~[jjwt-impl-0.11.2.jar:0.11.2]
    at team10.server.aucserver.security.JWToken.getAllClaimsFromToken(JWToken.java:47) ~[classes/:na]
    at team10.server.aucserver.security.JWToken.getClaimFromToken(JWToken.java:51) ~[classes/:na]
    at team10.server.aucserver.security.JWToken.getUsernameFromToken(JWToken.java:57) ~[classes/:na]
    at team10.server.aucserver.security.JWTRequestFilter.doFilterInternal(JWTRequestFilter.java:52) ~[classes/:na]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) ~[spring-web-5.3.1.jar:5.3.1]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:542) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:143) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:868) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1590) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1130) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:630) ~[na:na]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.39.jar:9.0.39]
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832) ~[na:na]

第 47 行是 JWToken 类中的getAllClaimsFromToken 方法。

举一个额外的例子，这是编码生成的标记之一：

Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJyb25ueSIsImFkbWluIjpmYWxzZSwiaXNzIjoicHJpdmF0ZSBjb21wYW55IiwiaWF0IjoxNjExMDA1NTc4LCJleHAiOjE2MTEwMDY3Nzh9.dQwEVfSNa6EIx-U-bgHN50hmrN0wYkj-8jXRoFLTx6JB53ERBWuGUeiXLqtiJ_jTGxEISB-Lv7E9KAyPk8nV3g

【问题讨论】：

将错误文本作为文本放入您的帖子中。不像图像。话虽如此：我没有看到您的代码在任何地方捕获该错误，那么 your 代码的哪一行触发了此错误？
@Mike'Pomax'Kamermans 我编辑了帖子并将错误作为文本。当我执行一个通过过滤器并在标头中带有 JWToken 的请求时，我收到此错误。
为什么您要重写自己的过滤器而不是使用开箱即用的 Spring Security JWT 支持？
@A.J 是的，由于某种原因，子字符串函数仍然保留在令牌之前的一些空白处，所以我将其更改为：requestTokenHeader.split(" ")[1].trim()
@A.J 我刚才也在下面回答了我的问题

标签： java spring-boot jwt base64 base64url

【解决方案1】：

您正在解码的不是令牌，您正在尝试解码整个标头值。 Bearer 不是令牌的一部分，它是身份验证方案。

更一般地说，您正在编写自己的安全基础架构，这几乎总是一个非常糟糕的主意。 Spring Security JWT 会自动为您处理所有这些；改用它。

【讨论】：

您好，感谢您的评论，我已按照 baeldung 的一些教程进行操作。我认为这一行“jwtToken = requestTokenHeader.substring(7);”删除了 Bearer 部分。我将研究如何使 Spring 安全性自动处理它
@RonnyGiezen 它应该，但显然你仍然得到空间作为它的一部分。至少，您应该调试您的程序并检查jwtToken 变量的值。

【解决方案2】：

由于某种原因，子字符串函数在标记之前保留了一些空格。我在 JWTRequestFilter 中更改了该行。

旧：

jwtToken = requestTokenHeader.substring(7);

新：

jwtToken = requestTokenHeader.split(" ")[1].trim();

添加的 .trim() 将删除字符串之前或之后的所有空格，这就是我的解决方案

【讨论】：