答案是没有合理的方法可以做到这一点，即使你找到了方法，这也不是一个好习惯。
解决问题的错误方法
基本上，过去 MVC 版本的路由配置旨在充当 DI 配置 - 也就是说，您将所有内容放在 composition root 中，然后在运行时使用该配置。问题是您可以在运行时将对象推送到配置中（很多人都这样做了），这不是正确的方法。
现在配置已被真正的 DI 容器替换，这种方法将不再有效。注册步骤现在只能在应用程序启动时完成。
正确的方法
自定义路由的正确方法远远超出 Route 类在过去的 MVC 版本中可以做的事情是 inherit RouteBase 或 Route。
AspNetCore（以前称为 MVC 6）具有类似的抽象，IRouter 和 INamedRouter 扮演相同的角色。很像它的前身，IRouter 只有两种方法可以实现。
namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Routing
{
public interface IRouter
{
// Derives a virtual path (URL) from a list of route values
VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath(VirtualPathContext context);
// Populates route data (including route values) based on the
// request
Task RouteAsync(RouteContext context);
}
}
此接口用于实现路由的 2 向特性 - URL 路由值和路由值到 URL。
一个例子：CachedRoute<TPrimaryKey>
这是一个跟踪和缓存主键到 URL 的 1-1 映射的示例。它是通用的，我已经测试过无论主键是int 还是Guid，它都有效。
有一个必须注入的可插入部分，ICachedRouteDataProvider，其中可以实现对数据库的查询。您还需要提供控制器和操作，因此此路由足够通用，可以使用多个实例将多个数据库查询映射到多个操作方法。
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
public class CachedRoute<TPrimaryKey> : IRouter
{
private readonly string _controller;
private readonly string _action;
private readonly ICachedRouteDataProvider<TPrimaryKey> _dataProvider;
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache;
private readonly IRouter _target;
private readonly string _cacheKey;
private object _lock = new object();
public CachedRoute(
string controller,
string action,
ICachedRouteDataProvider<TPrimaryKey> dataProvider,
IMemoryCache cache,
IRouter target)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(controller))
throw new ArgumentNullException("controller");
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action))
throw new ArgumentNullException("action");
if (dataProvider == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("dataProvider");
if (cache == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("cache");
if (target == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("target");
_controller = controller;
_action = action;
_dataProvider = dataProvider;
_cache = cache;
_target = target;
// Set Defaults
CacheTimeoutInSeconds = 900;
_cacheKey = "__" + this.GetType().Name + "_GetPageList_" + _controller + "_" + _action;
}
public int CacheTimeoutInSeconds { get; set; }
public async Task RouteAsync(RouteContext context)
{
var requestPath = context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(requestPath) && requestPath[0] == '/')
{
// Trim the leading slash
requestPath = requestPath.Substring(1);
}
// Get the page id that matches.
TPrimaryKey id;
//If this returns false, that means the URI did not match
if (!GetPageList().TryGetValue(requestPath, out id))
{
return;
}
//Invoke MVC controller/action
var routeData = context.RouteData;
// TODO: You might want to use the page object (from the database) to
// get both the controller and action, and possibly even an area.
// Alternatively, you could create a route for each table and hard-code
// this information.
routeData.Values["controller"] = _controller;
routeData.Values["action"] = _action;
// This will be the primary key of the database row.
// It might be an integer or a GUID.
routeData.Values["id"] = id;
await _target.RouteAsync(context);
}
public VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath(VirtualPathContext context)
{
VirtualPathData result = null;
string virtualPath;
if (TryFindMatch(GetPageList(), context.Values, out virtualPath))
{
result = new VirtualPathData(this, virtualPath);
}
return result;
}
private bool TryFindMatch(IDictionary<string, TPrimaryKey> pages, IDictionary<string, object> values, out string virtualPath)
{
virtualPath = string.Empty;
TPrimaryKey id;
object idObj;
object controller;
object action;
if (!values.TryGetValue("id", out idObj))
{
return false;
}
id = SafeConvert<TPrimaryKey>(idObj);
values.TryGetValue("controller", out controller);
values.TryGetValue("action", out action);
// The logic here should be the inverse of the logic in
// RouteAsync(). So, we match the same controller, action, and id.
// If we had additional route values there, we would take them all
// into consideration during this step.
if (action.Equals(_action) && controller.Equals(_controller))
{
// The 'OrDefault' case returns the default value of the type you're
// iterating over. For value types, it will be a new instance of that type.
// Since KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> is a value type (i.e. a struct),
// the 'OrDefault' case will not result in a null-reference exception.
// Since TKey here is string, the .Key of that new instance will be null.
virtualPath = pages.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value.Equals(id)).Key;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(virtualPath))
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private IDictionary<string, TPrimaryKey> GetPageList()
{
IDictionary<string, TPrimaryKey> pages;
if (!_cache.TryGetValue(_cacheKey, out pages))
{
// Only allow one thread to poplate the data
lock (_lock)
{
if (!_cache.TryGetValue(_cacheKey, out pages))
{
pages = _dataProvider.GetPageToIdMap();
_cache.Set(_cacheKey, pages,
new MemoryCacheEntryOptions()
{
Priority = CacheItemPriority.NeverRemove,
AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(this.CacheTimeoutInSeconds)
});
}
}
}
return pages;
}
private static T SafeConvert<T>(object obj)
{
if (typeof(T).Equals(typeof(Guid)))
{
if (obj.GetType() == typeof(string))
{
return (T)(object)new Guid(obj.ToString());
}
return (T)(object)Guid.Empty;
}
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(obj, typeof(T));
}
}
CmsCachedRouteDataProvider
这是数据提供者的实现，基本上是您需要在 CMS 中执行的操作。
public interface ICachedRouteDataProvider<TPrimaryKey>
{
IDictionary<string, TPrimaryKey> GetPageToIdMap();
}
public class CmsCachedRouteDataProvider : ICachedRouteDataProvider<int>
{
public IDictionary<string, int> GetPageToIdMap()
{
// Lookup the pages in DB
return (from page in DbContext.Pages
select new KeyValuePair<string, int>(
page.Url.TrimStart('/').TrimEnd('/'),
page.Id)
).ToDictionary(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Value);
}
}
用法
这里我们在默认路由之前添加路由，并配置其选项。
// Add MVC to the request pipeline.
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.Routes.Add(
new CachedRoute<int>(
controller: "Cms",
action: "Index",
dataProvider: new CmsCachedRouteDataProvider(),
cache: routes.ServiceProvider.GetService<IMemoryCache>(),
target: routes.DefaultHandler)
{
CacheTimeoutInSeconds = 900
});
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
// Uncomment the following line to add a route for porting Web API 2 controllers.
// routes.MapWebApiRoute("DefaultApi", "api/{controller}/{id?}");
});
这就是它的要点。你仍然可以改进一点。
例如，我个人会使用工厂模式并将存储库注入CmsCachedRouteDataProvider 的构造函数，而不是到处硬编码DbContext。