错误：npm 更新答案

【问题标题】：Error: npm update错误：npm 更新
【发布时间】：2015-07-09 11:58:39
【问题描述】：

我正在使用 vagrant 设置我的环境，当我使用 sudo npm update 时，我收到此错误。

npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "update"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path ../mime/cli.js
npm ERR! code EPROTO
npm ERR! errno -71

npm ERR! EPROTO, symlink '../mime/cli.js'
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you need help, you may report this error at:
npm ERR!     <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues>
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "update"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path npm-debug.log.7dead0fa1a1d874805ab6e477bd46e0e
npm ERR! code ETXTBSY
npm ERR! errno -26

npm ERR! ETXTBSY, rename 'npm-debug.log.7dead0fa1a1d874805ab6e477bd46e0e'
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you need help, you may report this error at:
npm ERR!     <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues>

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     /vagrant/myapp/npm-debug.log

注意 1：我正在使用 trusty32 盒子，我也在使用节点 0.12、npm 2.7.4 和 mongodb 2.6。

注意 2：我无法安装 mongoose 和 package.json 中的默认 express-generator npm 模块

UPDATE1：当我尝试“sudo npm install mongoose -save”时出现 Npm 错误

npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/wrappy/1.0.1/package.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/brace-expansion/1.1.0/package
.tgz
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path /vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node_mod
ules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-pre-
gyp/node_modules/tar-pack/node_modules/fstream-ignore/node_modules/minimatch/tes
t/extglob-ending-with-state-char.js
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! errno -1

npm ERR! Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/m
ongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_mo
dules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/tar-pack/node_modules/fstream-ignore/node_module
s/minimatch/test/extglob-ending-with-state-char.js'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modul
es/mongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/nod
e_modules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/tar-pack/node_modules/fstream-ignore/node_mo
dules/minimatch/test/extglob-ending-with-state-char.js']
npm ERR!   errno: -1,
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   path: '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node
_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-
pre-gyp/node_modules/tar-pack/node_modules/fstream-ignore/node_modules/minimatch
/test/extglob-ending-with-state-char.js' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path /vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node_mod
ules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-pre-
gyp/node_modules/npmlog/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/node_modules/readable-stre
am/lib/_stream_duplex.js
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! errno -1

npm ERR! Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/m
ongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_mo
dules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/npmlog/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/node_module
s/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modul
es/mongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/nod
e_modules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/npmlog/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/node_mo
dules/readable-stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js']
npm ERR!   errno: -1,
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   path: '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node
_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-
pre-gyp/node_modules/npmlog/node_modules/are-we-there-yet/node_modules/readable-
stream/lib/_stream_duplex.js' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path npm-debug.log.547bda60a6af6dbfaba7873fdc566e0c
npm ERR! code ETXTBSY
npm ERR! errno -26

npm ERR! ETXTBSY, rename 'npm-debug.log.547bda60a6af6dbfaba7873fdc566e0c'
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you need help, you may report this error at:
npm ERR!     <https://github.com/npm/npm/issues>
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path /vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node_mod
ules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-pre-
gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/combined-stream/node_modules/delayed-strea
m/lib/delayed_stream.js
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! errno -1

npm ERR! Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/m
ongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_mo
dules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/combined-stream/node_module
s/delayed-stream/lib/delayed_stream.js'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modul
es/mongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/nod
e_modules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/combined-stream/node_mo
dules/delayed-stream/lib/delayed_stream.js']
npm ERR!   errno: -1,
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   path: '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node
_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-
pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/combined-stream/node_modules/delayed-s
tream/lib/delayed_stream.js' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._basetostring/3.0.0/pa
ckage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._createpadding/3.6.0/p
ackage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._createpadding/3.6.0/p
ackage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._createpadding/3.6.0/p
ackage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._basetostring/3.0.0/pa
ckage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/lodash._basetostring/3.0.0/pa
ckage.tgz
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path /vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node_mod
ules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-pre-
gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/is-my-json-vali
d/test/json-schema.js
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! errno -1

npm ERR! Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/m
ongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_mo
dules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/
is-my-json-valid/test/json-schema.js'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modul
es/mongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/nod
e_modules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modu
les/is-my-json-valid/test/json-schema.js']
npm ERR!   errno: -1,
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   path: '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node
_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-
pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/is-my-json-
valid/test/json-schema.js' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! Linux 3.13.0-49-generic
npm ERR! argv "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "mongoose"
npm ERR! node v0.12.2
npm ERR! npm  v2.7.4
npm ERR! path /vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node_mod
ules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-pre-
gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/bluebird/js/bro
wser/bluebird.min.js
npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! errno -1

npm ERR! Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/m
ongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_mo
dules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/
bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.min.js'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EPERM, open '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modul
es/mongodb/node_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/nod
e_modules/node-pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modu
les/bluebird/js/browser/bluebird.min.js']
npm ERR!   errno: -1,
npm ERR!   code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!   path: '/vagrant/myapp/node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/mongodb/node
_modules/mongodb-core/node_modules/bson/node_modules/bson-ext/node_modules/node-
pre-gyp/node_modules/request/node_modules/har-validator/node_modules/bluebird/js
/browser/bluebird.min.js' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/ansi-styles/2.0.1/package.tgz

npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/has-ansi/1.0.3/package.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/strip-ansi/2.0.1/package.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/escape-string-regexp/1.0.3/pa
ckage.tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/supports-color/1.3.1/package.
tgz
npm ERR! tar.unpack untar error /home/vagrant/.npm/graceful-readlink/1.0.1/packa
ge.tgz

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     /vagrant/myapp/npm-debug.log

UPDATE2：使用 npm update 切换到 nvm 效果更好，但我无法安装 mongoose，但遇到了同样的错误

UPDATE3：我认为问题是因为路径

【问题讨论】：

尝试在 Vagrant 正在挂载的 app 目录上运行 chmod 777，或者在 vagrant 机器上运行 sudo npm update。我认为这是因为 npm 无法写入 app 目录。
chmod777 ?.我说，我用 sudo npm update
Chmod 777 如果 npm 无法写入应用程序目录会有所帮助——我怀疑这是问题所在。需要 /vagrant/myapp/npm-debug.log 的内容来进一步调试。
我尝试了 chmod777 它可以与 npm update 一起使用，但我仍然无法安装 mongoose，我在哪里可以添加我的 npm-log 文件？

标签： node.js ubuntu npm ubuntu-14.04

【解决方案1】：

在npm使用sudo有两个问题

99 个这样的问题。
这是security issue。

最好的解决方案是使用节点版本管理器。我使用nvm。另一个名为n 的也存在。

感觉就像“倒退”了几步，我抗拒了一两个星期，但做出改变是值得的。

注意：您应该卸载“sudo”版本的 node.js，然后按照 github 页面上的说明安装 nvm。

【讨论】：

我切换到 nvm 并尝试安装 mongoose，我得到了同样的错误，它要求我使用 sudo 仍然无法工作
@isimmons 使用 nvm 通过将 node 安装为当前用户来消除 sudo 问题。这意味着没有sudo，没有安全问题，也没有此处描述的问题。
@MichaelCole 感谢您的解释。如果没有 sudo，我仍然无法安装 npm -g 包。我使用 n 而不是 nvm，这是在遇到其他问题之后，所以也许从头开始使用 nvm 可以解决我的问题。
@isimmons 我更新了链接和注释。如果还是要sudo，可能是因为需要卸载sudo版本的node.js

【解决方案2】：

您使用的是旧版本的 NPM，当前最新版本是 2.8.4，您当前使用的是 2.7.4。 2.7.5 的发行说明提到了已修复的符号链接问题。

更新 NPM 应该可以解决这个问题，运行：

sudo npm install npm -g

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

这里2.1.7是你要安装的版本。

sudo npm install -g npm@2.1.7

【讨论】：