Javascript `this` vs Python `self` 构造函数

Question

Javascript 构造器 + 创建对象示例

//Constructor
function Course(title,instructor,level,published,views){
    this.title = title;
    this.instructor = instructor;
    this.level = level;
    this.published = published;
    this.views = views;
    this.updateViews = function() {
        return ++this.views;
    }
}

//Create Objects
var a = new Course("A title", "A instructor", 1, true, 0);
var b = new Course("B title", "B instructor", 1, true, 123456);

//Log out objects properties and methods
console.log(a.title);  // "A Title"
console.log(b.updateViews()); // "123457"

什么是 python 等价物？ （构造函数/或类+创建对象实例+注销属性和方法？）

python中的self和Javascript中的this有区别吗？

Answer 1

这是一个python翻译：

class Course:

    def __init__(self,title,instructor,level,published,views)
        self.title = title
        self.instructor = instructor
        self.level = level
        self.published = published
        self.views = views

    def update_views(self):
        return self.views += 1

您必须声明一个类，然后按如下方式初始化该类的一个实例：

course = Course("title","instructor","level","published",0)

一些显着的区别是self 不是隐式可用的，但实际上是类的所有方法的必需参数。但是，您应该咨询 the documentation 以了解更多信息。

编辑

截至python3.7，我有义务证明新引入的dataclasses 是编写此类类的最pythonic 方式，并且可能对您未来的python 开发人员有所帮助。

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Course:

     title: str 
     instructor: str 
     level: str 
     published: bool
     views: int 

     def update_views(self) -> int:
         return self.views += 1 

Answer 2

python解决方案出现了一些错误，现在修复了

#Constructors
class Course:

    def __init__(self,title,instructor,level,published,views):

        self.propTitle = title
        self.propInstructor = instructor
        self.propLevel = level
        self.propPublished = published
        self.propViews = views

    def update_views(self):
        self.propViews += 1
        return self.propViews

# Create objects
courseA = Course("A title", "A instructor", 1, True, 0)
courseB = Course("B title", "B instructor", 1, True, 123456)

# Print object property and use object method
print(courseA.propTitle)
print(courseB.update_views())

结果打印出来

标题

123457

虽然使用 print(courseB.update_views) 会输出这个，<bound method Course.update_views of <__main__.Course object at 0x7f9f79978908>> ，使用 print(courseB.update_views())