为什么 psycopg2 不断吐出这个错误？答案

【问题标题】：Why psycopg2 keep spitting out this error?为什么 psycopg2 不断吐出这个错误？
【发布时间】：2021-05-21 02:13:40
【问题描述】：

在将东西部署到某个地方时，我是个新手。我正在部署 django rest api 并将应用程序反应到我的 ec2 实例。该实例是 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS 焦点。

这是我的项目方案

backend
\-backend(folder)
\-core(folder)
\-todos(folder)
\-uploads(folder)
\-users(folder)
\-db.sqlite3
\-Dockerfile
\-manage.py
\-Pipfile
\-Pipfie.lock
frontend
\-assets(folder)
\-public(folder)
\-src(folder)
\-Dockerfile
\-gulpfile.js
\-package-lock.json
\-package.json
\-tailwind.config.json
webserver
\-nginx-proxy.conf
docker-compose.yml

我为 django rest api 制作了一个 dockerfile，这就是它的样子。后端/Dockerfile

FROM python:3.7-slim
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

...
ARGs and ENVs
...

RUN mkdir /backend
WORKDIR /backend
RUN pip3 install pipenv
COPY . /backend/
RUN pipenv install --python 3.7
RUN python manage.py makemigrations
RUN python manage.py migrate

但是当我尝试在我的 ec2 实例上执行 sudo docker-compose up 时，它会在 RUN pipenv install 处吐出错误。它在锁定 Pipfile.lock 时吐出错误。这就是错误的样子。

[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/cli/command.py", line 253, in install
[InstallError]:       site_packages=state.site_packages
[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 2063, in do_install
[InstallError]:       keep_outdated=keep_outdated
[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1312, in do_init
[InstallError]:       pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,
[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 900, in do_install_dependencies
[InstallError]:       retry_list, procs, failed_deps_queue, requirements_dir, **install_kwargs
[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 796, in batch_install
[InstallError]:       _cleanup_procs(procs, failed_deps_queue, retry=retry)
[InstallError]:   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 703, in _cleanup_procs
[InstallError]:       raise exceptions.InstallError(c.dep.name, extra=err_lines)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: Collecting psycopg2==2.8.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Using cached psycopg2-2.8.6.tar.gz (383 kB)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      command: /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/backend-gPBFdWVG/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-g7f_pd9f/psycopg2_4bbf83d4e03c4e2898c4116b32da6dbc/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-g7f_pd9f/psycopg2_4bbf83d4e03c4e2898c4116b32da6dbc/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:          cwd: /tmp/pip-install-g7f_pd9f/psycopg2_4bbf83d4e03c4e2898c4116b32da6dbc/
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Complete output (23 lines):
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     running egg_info
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj/psycopg2.egg-info
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     writing /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj/psycopg2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     writing dependency_links to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj/psycopg2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     writing top-level names to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj/psycopg2.egg-info/top_level.txt
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     writing manifest file '/tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ad5nycuj/psycopg2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Error: pg_config executable not found.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     pg_config is required to build psycopg2 from source.  Please add the directory
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     containing pg_config to the $PATH or specify the full executable path with the
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     option:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:         python setup.py build_ext --pg-config /path/to/pg_config build ...
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     or with the pg_config option in 'setup.cfg'.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     If you prefer to avoid building psycopg2 from source, please install the PyPI
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     'psycopg2-binary' package instead.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     For further information please check the 'doc/src/install.rst' file (also at
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/install.html>).
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     ----------------------------------------
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fd/ae/98cb7a0cbb1d748ee547b058b14604bd0e9bf285a8e0cc5d148f8a8a952e/psycopg2-2.8.6.tar.gz#sha256=fb23f6c71107c37fd667cb4ea363ddeb936b348bbd6449278eb92c189699f543 (from https://pypi.org/simple/psycopg2/) (requires-python:>=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement psycopg2==2.8.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ERROR: No matching distribution found for psycopg2==2.8.6
ERROR: Couldn't install package: psycopg2
 Package installation failed...
The command '/bin/sh -c pipenv install --python 3.7' returned a non-zero code: 1
ERROR: Service 'backend' failed to build

我试过了

1.安装诸如python3-dev,libpq-dev,postgresql-client-12,postgresql-server-dev-12,postgresql-12,postgres之类的东西。也像postgresql-dev,postgresql-devel，它们都对我不起作用，因为它说无法找到它们。我尝试卸载 psycopg2 以将其替换为 psycopy2-binary 仍然无法正常工作。

2.在上面的Dockerfile中将python:3.8.7-alpine3.13更改为python:3.7-slim

3.将包含pg_config的目录添加到PATH（我通过sudo find / -name "pg_config" -print命令找到了pg_config路径）

# All the rest are same as default

PATH="/var/lib/docker/overlay2/083128b129fd82e7d4d2ffbae50eb833a8211ade5421110bf4ca2719c016d74b/diff/usr/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/lib/postgresql/12/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH"

以上都不适合我。我该怎么做才能解决它？

我的后端/Pipfile

url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[packages]
djangorestframework = "*"
markdown = "*"
django-filter = "*"
pillow = "*"
django-cors-headers = "*"
djangorestframework-simplejwt = "*"
django = "==3.1.5"
django-dotenv = "*"
gunicorn = "*"
psycopg2 = "*"

[dev-packages]

[requires]
python_version = "3.7"

后端/Pipfile.lock

{
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
            "sha256": "6d6662608d715726e4a18a5592c0ada7cdf57752d0de993e0829731c0ad62940"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
            "python_version": "3.7"
        },
        "sources": [
            {
                "name": "pypi",
                "url": "https://pypi.org/simple",
                "verify_ssl": true
            }
        ]
    },
    "default": {
        "asgiref": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:5ee950735509d04eb673bd7f7120f8fa1c9e2df495394992c73234d526907e17",
                "sha256:7162a3cb30ab0609f1a4c95938fd73e8604f63bdba516a7f7d64b83ff09478f0"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.5'",
            "version": "==3.3.1"
        },
        "django": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:2d78425ba74c7a1a74b196058b261b9733a8570782f4e2828974777ccca7edf7",
                "sha256:efa2ab96b33b20c2182db93147a0c3cd7769d418926f9e9f140a60dca7c64ca9"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==3.1.5"
        },
        "django-cors-headers": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:1ac2b1213de75a251e2ba04448da15f99bcfcbe164288ae6b5ff929dc49b372f",
                "sha256:96069c4aaacace786a34ee7894ff680780ec2644e4268b31181044410fecd12e"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==3.7.0"
        },
        "django-dotenv": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:3812bb0f4876cf31f902aad140f0645e120e51ee30eb7c40c22050f58a0e4adb",
                "sha256:a9b1b40a70bd321acd231926acedb9bd2c5e873e33a1873b34a7276d196a765e"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==1.4.2"
        },
        "django-filter": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:84e9d5bb93f237e451db814ed422a3a625751cbc9968b484ecc74964a8696b06",
                "sha256:e00d32cebdb3d54273c48f4f878f898dced8d5dfaad009438fe61ebdf535ace1"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==2.4.0"
        },
        "djangorestframework": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:0209bafcb7b5010fdfec784034f059d512256424de2a0f084cb82b096d6dd6a7",
                "sha256:0898182b4737a7b584a2c73735d89816343369f259fea932d90dc78e35d8ac33"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==3.12.2"
        },
        "djangorestframework-simplejwt": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:7adc913ba0d2ed7f46e0b9bf6e86f9bd9248f1c4201722b732b8213e0ea66f9f",
                "sha256:bd587700b6ab34a6c6b12d426cce4fa580d57ef1952ad4ba3b79707784619ed3"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==4.6.0"
        },
        "gunicorn": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:1904bb2b8a43658807108d59c3f3d56c2b6121a701161de0ddf9ad140073c626",
                "sha256:cd4a810dd51bf497552cf3f863b575dabd73d6ad6a91075b65936b151cbf4f9c"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==20.0.4"
        },
        "markdown": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:5d9f2b5ca24bc4c7a390d22323ca4bad200368612b5aaa7796babf971d2b2f18",
                "sha256:c109c15b7dc20a9ac454c9e6025927d44460b85bd039da028d85e2b6d0bcc328"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==3.3.3"
        },
        "pillow": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:165c88bc9d8dba670110c689e3cc5c71dbe4bfb984ffa7cbebf1fac9554071d6",
                "sha256:1d208e670abfeb41b6143537a681299ef86e92d2a3dac299d3cd6830d5c7bded",
                "sha256:22d070ca2e60c99929ef274cfced04294d2368193e935c5d6febfd8b601bf865",
                "sha256:2353834b2c49b95e1313fb34edf18fca4d57446675d05298bb694bca4b194174",
                "sha256:39725acf2d2e9c17356e6835dccebe7a697db55f25a09207e38b835d5e1bc032",
                "sha256:3de6b2ee4f78c6b3d89d184ade5d8fa68af0848f9b6b6da2b9ab7943ec46971a",
                "sha256:47c0d93ee9c8b181f353dbead6530b26980fe4f5485aa18be8f1fd3c3cbc685e",
                "sha256:5e2fe3bb2363b862671eba632537cd3a823847db4d98be95690b7e382f3d6378",
                "sha256:604815c55fd92e735f9738f65dabf4edc3e79f88541c221d292faec1904a4b17",
                "sha256:6c5275bd82711cd3dcd0af8ce0bb99113ae8911fc2952805f1d012de7d600a4c",
                "sha256:731ca5aabe9085160cf68b2dbef95fc1991015bc0a3a6ea46a371ab88f3d0913",
                "sha256:7612520e5e1a371d77e1d1ca3a3ee6227eef00d0a9cddb4ef7ecb0b7396eddf7",
                "sha256:7916cbc94f1c6b1301ac04510d0881b9e9feb20ae34094d3615a8a7c3db0dcc0",
                "sha256:81c3fa9a75d9f1afafdb916d5995633f319db09bd773cb56b8e39f1e98d90820",
                "sha256:887668e792b7edbfb1d3c9d8b5d8c859269a0f0eba4dda562adb95500f60dbba",
                "sha256:93a473b53cc6e0b3ce6bf51b1b95b7b1e7e6084be3a07e40f79b42e83503fbf2",
                "sha256:96d4dc103d1a0fa6d47c6c55a47de5f5dafd5ef0114fa10c85a1fd8e0216284b",
                "sha256:a3d3e086474ef12ef13d42e5f9b7bbf09d39cf6bd4940f982263d6954b13f6a9",
                "sha256:b02a0b9f332086657852b1f7cb380f6a42403a6d9c42a4c34a561aa4530d5234",
                "sha256:b09e10ec453de97f9a23a5aa5e30b334195e8d2ddd1ce76cc32e52ba63c8b31d",
                "sha256:b6f00ad5ebe846cc91763b1d0c6d30a8042e02b2316e27b05de04fa6ec831ec5",
                "sha256:bba80df38cfc17f490ec651c73bb37cd896bc2400cfba27d078c2135223c1206",
                "sha256:c3d911614b008e8a576b8e5303e3db29224b455d3d66d1b2848ba6ca83f9ece9",
                "sha256:ca20739e303254287138234485579b28cb0d524401f83d5129b5ff9d606cb0a8",
                "sha256:cb192176b477d49b0a327b2a5a4979552b7a58cd42037034316b8018ac3ebb59",
                "sha256:cdbbe7dff4a677fb555a54f9bc0450f2a21a93c5ba2b44e09e54fcb72d2bd13d",
                "sha256:cf6e33d92b1526190a1de904df21663c46a456758c0424e4f947ae9aa6088bf7",
                "sha256:d355502dce85ade85a2511b40b4c61a128902f246504f7de29bbeec1ae27933a",
                "sha256:d673c4990acd016229a5c1c4ee8a9e6d8f481b27ade5fc3d95938697fa443ce0",
                "sha256:dc577f4cfdda354db3ae37a572428a90ffdbe4e51eda7849bf442fb803f09c9b",
                "sha256:dd9eef866c70d2cbbea1ae58134eaffda0d4bfea403025f4db6859724b18ab3d",
                "sha256:f50e7a98b0453f39000619d845be8b06e611e56ee6e8186f7f60c3b1e2f0feae"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==8.1.0"
        },
        "psycopg2": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:00195b5f6832dbf2876b8bf77f12bdce648224c89c880719c745b90515233301",
                "sha256:068115e13c70dc5982dfc00c5d70437fe37c014c808acce119b5448361c03725",
                "sha256:26e7fd115a6db75267b325de0fba089b911a4a12ebd3d0b5e7acb7028bc46821",
                "sha256:2c93d4d16933fea5bbacbe1aaf8fa8c1348740b2e50b3735d1b0bf8154cbf0f3",
                "sha256:56007a226b8e95aa980ada7abdea6b40b75ce62a433bd27cec7a8178d57f4051",
                "sha256:56fee7f818d032f802b8eed81ef0c1232b8b42390df189cab9cfa87573fe52c5",
                "sha256:6a3d9efb6f36f1fe6aa8dbb5af55e067db802502c55a9defa47c5a1dad41df84",
                "sha256:a49833abfdede8985ba3f3ec641f771cca215479f41523e99dace96d5b8cce2a",
                "sha256:ad2fe8a37be669082e61fb001c185ffb58867fdbb3e7a6b0b0d2ffe232353a3e",
                "sha256:b8cae8b2f022efa1f011cc753adb9cbadfa5a184431d09b273fb49b4167561ad",
                "sha256:d160744652e81c80627a909a0e808f3c6653a40af435744de037e3172cf277f5",
                "sha256:d5062ae50b222da28253059880a871dc87e099c25cb68acf613d9d227413d6f7",
                "sha256:f22ea9b67aea4f4a1718300908a2fb62b3e4276cf00bd829a97ab5894af42ea3",
                "sha256:f974c96fca34ae9e4f49839ba6b78addf0346777b46c4da27a7bf54f48d3057d",
                "sha256:fb23f6c71107c37fd667cb4ea363ddeb936b348bbd6449278eb92c189699f543"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==2.8.6"
        },
        "pyjwt": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:a5c70a06e1f33d81ef25eecd50d50bd30e34de1ca8b2b9fa3fe0daaabcf69bf7",
                "sha256:b70b15f89dc69b993d8a8d32c299032d5355c82f9b5b7e851d1a6d706dffe847"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.6'",
            "version": "==2.0.1"
        },
        "pytz": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:83a4a90894bf38e243cf052c8b58f381bfe9a7a483f6a9cab140bc7f702ac4da",
                "sha256:eb10ce3e7736052ed3623d49975ce333bcd712c7bb19a58b9e2089d4057d0798"
            ],
            "version": "==2021.1"
        },
        "sqlparse": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:017cde379adbd6a1f15a61873f43e8274179378e95ef3fede90b5aa64d304ed0",
                "sha256:0f91fd2e829c44362cbcfab3e9ae12e22badaa8a29ad5ff599f9ec109f0454e8"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.5'",
            "version": "==0.4.1"
        }
    },
    "develop": {}
}

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services:
  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
      args:
        DJANGO_ALLOWED_HOSTS: stuff
        SECRET_KEY: stuff
        DJANGO_CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST: stuff
        BACKEND_ADMIN: stuff
        RDS_HOSTNAME: stuff
        RDS_PORT: stuff
        RDS_DB_NAME: stuff
        RDS_USERNAME: stuff
        RDS_PASSWORD: stuff
    command: gunicorn backend.wsgi --bind 0.0.0.0:8000
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      args:
        BACKEND_API: stuff
    volumes:
      - build_folder:/frontend/build
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - 80:8080
    volumes:
      - ./webserver/nginx-proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro
      - build_folder:/var/www/frontend
    depends_on:
      - backend
      - frontend
volumes:
  build_folder:

【问题讨论】：

如果安装postgresql-common (sudo apt install postgresql-common) 会怎样？
感谢您的评论！！我现在就试试！！
不幸的是，它没有效果。 postgresql-common 已经安装了，sudo docker-compose up 给了我同样的错误：/
检查是否安装了pg_config 以及安装位置。
Command pg_config 返回了一堆关于它的东西。它似乎已安装。我使用sudo find / -name "pg_config" -print 找到它，并包含.profile 的路径。但是还是不行

标签： python django postgresql docker amazon-ec2

【解决方案1】：

对于那些在上面遇到同样问题的人，我通过执行以下操作解决了这个问题：

不使用pipenv install，而是使用 pipenv-to-requirements 模块执行pip3 install -r requirements.txt，因此不使用 pipenv
不使用 Python 的 alpine 映像，而是使用来自 docker hub 的 python:3.8.7，这是他们的实际映像。

希望这对遇到上述问题的人有所帮助！

【讨论】：