混合 Where-Object/ForEach-Object 语法答案

【问题标题】：Hybrid Where-Object/ForEach-Object syntax混合 Where-Object/ForEach-Object 语法
【发布时间】：2021-07-26 22:25:42
【问题描述】：

我如何优雅地将Where-Object 与ForEach-Object 杂交？

Where-Object cmdlet 有一种非常优雅的过滤对象的方式：使用哪个语法：

... |Where-Object { $_.Id -eq 2 } | ...

现在可以写成：

... |Where-Object Id -eq 2 | ...

我正在寻找类似的管道条件语句，但不是过滤管道中的对象，而是更改相关对象在管道中并通过一切。像这样：

... |ForEach-Object { if ($_.Id -eq 2) { $_.Name = 'test' }; $_ } | ...

换句话说，有没有办法用更少的括号、括号和当前对象（$_）引用来编写上述语法。就像在self-answer 中一样，但没有使用附加功能？

【问题讨论】：

标签： powershell if-statement foreach syntax where-clause

【解决方案1】：

使用MetaProgramming 模块，我能够在Where-Object cmdlet 之上编写If-Object cmdlet：

function If-Object {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='EqualSet', HelpUri='https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=2096806', RemotingCapability='None')]
    param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        [psobject]
        ${InputObject},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='ScriptBlockSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [scriptblock]
        ${FilterScript},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Not', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='MatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='ContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='InSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsNotSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='EqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=0)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        [string]
        ${Property},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='InSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterThanSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterThanSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessThanSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessThanSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterOrEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterOrEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessOrEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessOrEqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LikeSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLikeSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotLikeSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotLikeSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='MatchSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveMatchSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotMatchSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotMatchSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='ContainsSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveContainsSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotContainsSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotContainsSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='EqualSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveInSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotInSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotInSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsSet', Position=1)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsNotSet', Position=1)]
        [System.Object]
        ${Value},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='EqualSet')]
        [Alias('IEQ')]
        [switch]
        ${EQ},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CEQ},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('INE')]
        [switch]
        ${NE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CNE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('IGT')]
        [switch]
        ${GT},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CGT},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessThanSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('ILT')]
        [switch]
        ${LT},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessThanSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CLT},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('IGE')]
        [switch]
        ${GE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CGE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('ILE')]
        [switch]
        ${LE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CLE},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LikeSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('ILike')]
        [switch]
        ${Like},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLikeSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CLike},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('INotLike')]
        [switch]
        ${NotLike},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CNotLike},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='MatchSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('IMatch')]
        [switch]
        ${Match},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveMatchSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CMatch},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('INotMatch')]
        [switch]
        ${NotMatch},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CNotMatch},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='ContainsSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('IContains')]
        [switch]
        ${Contains},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveContainsSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CContains},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('INotContains')]
        [switch]
        ${NotContains},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CNotContains},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='InSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('IIn')]
        [switch]
        ${In},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveInSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CIn},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotInSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [Alias('INotIn')]
        [switch]
        ${NotIn},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotInSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${CNotIn},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${Is},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsNotSet', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${IsNot},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Not', Mandatory=$true)]
        [switch]
        ${Not},

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Not', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessThanSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='GreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveGreaterOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLessOrEqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='LikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotLikeSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='MatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotMatchSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='ContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotContainsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='InSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='NotInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='CaseSensitiveNotInSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='IsNotSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='EqualSet', Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
        ${Process})

    begin
    {
        try {
            $outBuffer = $null
            if ($PSBoundParameters.TryGetValue('OutBuffer', [ref]$outBuffer))
            {
                $PSBoundParameters['OutBuffer'] = 1
            }
            [Void]$PSBoundParameters.Remove("Process")
            
            $wrappedCmd = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand('Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\Where-Object', [System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes]::Cmdlet)
        } catch {
            throw
        }
    }

    process
    {
        try {
            if (& $wrappedCmd @PSBoundParameters) {
                if ($Process -is [ScriptBlock]) { & $Process }
                else { $_.$Property = $Process }
            }
            $_
        } catch {
            throw
        }
    }
}

示例 1

$Test = @(
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 1; Name = 'One'}
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 2; Name = 'Two'}
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 3; Name = 'Three'}
)

$Test |If-Object Id -eq 2 'test' |Format-Table

  Id Name
  -- ----
   1 One
test Two
   3 Three

示例 2

$Test = @(
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 1; Name = 'One'}
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 2; Name = 'Two'}
    [PSCustomObject]@{Id = 3; Name = 'Three'}
)

$Test |If-Object Id -eq 2 { $_.Name = 'test' } |Format-Table

Id Name
-- ----
 1 One
 2 test
 3 Three

【讨论】：

当您有两个条件或需要嵌套的ForEach 时会发生什么？我个人更喜欢问题中的“坏”示例，只是有一些换行符。或者更好的是，使用 Foreach ($item in $list) { Do-Thing -to $item } 而不是管道传输所有数据。