形状文件的问题

Question

我想制作一张美国各州冠状病毒感染者的地图。因此，我们的想法是可视化包含美国所有州的地图，并在所有地图中查看一系列感染者（即 500-2000 等）。这应该由一种颜色的不同深浅来表示。深色部分是冠状病毒病例较多的州。

这是我的代码：

install.packages("sp")
library(sp)

install.packages("sf")
library(sf)

install.packages("maptools")
library(maptools)

install.packages("spdep")
library(spdep)
install.packages("rgdal")
     library(rgdal)
install.packages("RColorBrewer")
library(RColorBrewer)
install.packages("readxl")
library(readxl)




# 
shp_usa <- readOGR("USA_States.shp")
names(shp_usa)                              
shp_usa@data 

# 
infected <- read_excel("C:/Users/josem/OneDrive/Escritorio/infectedUS/CasesUS.xlsx") 
names(infected)      


usa_infected <- shp_usa
usa_infected <- merge(x= shp_usa@data,y= infected,by.x= "STATE_NAME",by.y="State",all.x = TRUE,sort  = FALSE)
summary(usa_infected)



# Map Cases by state USA

    spplot(usa_infected[usa_infected@Cases > 0, ],"Cases.x", at = quantile(usa_infected$Cases.x, p = c(0, .25, .5, .75, 1), na.rm = TRUE), col.regions = brewer.pal(5, "Reds"), main = expression("Cases by State"))

但是我有两个问题： 1.不知道这部分代码到底写了什么：by.x=? by.y=?为了完成任务。

usa_infected <- merge(shp_usa@data,infected,by.x= "STATE_NAME",by.y="State",all.x = TRUE,sort  = FALSE)

1. 为了可视化地图，我有这个代码

    spplot(usa_infected[usa_infected@Cases > 0, ],"Cases.y", at = quantile(usa_infected$Cases.y, p = c(0, .25, .5, .75, 1), na.rm = TRUE), col.regions = brewer.pal(5, "Reds"), main = expression("Cases by State"))

但是在运行代码后我收到了这条消息：

Error in `[.data.frame`(usa_infected, usa_infected@Cases > 0, ) : 


 trying to get slot "Cases" from an object (class "data.frame") that is not an S4 object 

我有这两个数据集： 1- 这是来自美国的 shp 文件。

 structure(list(STATE_NAME = structure(c(48L, 42L, 51L, 50L, 46L, 
    24L, 38L, 30L, 16L, 22L, 28L, 33L, 39L, 7L, 40L, 31L, 15L, 29L, 
    45L, 5L, 36L, 14L, 9L, 21L, 6L, 18L, 17L, 47L, 26L, 3L, 37L, 
    34L, 43L, 44L, 25L, 11L, 41L, 4L, 19L, 10L, 23L, 12L, 1L, 27L, 
    20L, 35L, 8L, 13L, 2L, 49L, 32L), .Label = c("Alabama", "Alaska", 
    "Arizona", "Arkansas", "California", "Colorado", "Connecticut", 
    "Delaware", "District of Columbia", "Florida", "Georgia", "Hawaii", 
    "Idaho", "Illinois", "Indiana", "Iowa", "Kansas", "Kentucky", 
    "Louisiana", "Maine", "Maryland", "Massachusetts", "Michigan", 
    "Minnesota", "Mississippi", "Missouri", "Montana", "Nebraska", 
    "Nevada", "New Hampshire", "New Jersey", "New Mexico", "New York", 
    "North Carolina", "North Dakota", "Ohio", "Oklahoma", "Oregon", 
    "Pennsylvania", "Rhode Island", "South Carolina", "South Dakota", 
    "Tennessee", "Texas", "Utah", "Vermont", "Virginia", "Washington", 
    "West Virginia", "Wisconsin", "Wyoming"), class = "factor"), 
        STATE_FIPS = structure(c(48L, 42L, 51L, 50L, 46L, 24L, 38L, 
        30L, 16L, 22L, 28L, 33L, 39L, 7L, 40L, 31L, 15L, 29L, 45L, 
        5L, 36L, 14L, 9L, 21L, 6L, 18L, 17L, 47L, 26L, 3L, 37L, 34L, 
        43L, 44L, 25L, 11L, 41L, 4L, 19L, 10L, 23L, 12L, 1L, 27L, 
        20L, 35L, 8L, 13L, 2L, 49L, 32L), .Label = c("01", "02", 
        "04", "05", "06", "08", "09", "10", "11", "12", "13", "15", 
        "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", 
        "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", 
        "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "44", "45", "46", 
        "47", "48", "49", "50", "51", "53", "54", "55", "56"), class = "factor"), 
        STATE_ABBR = structure(c(48L, 42L, 51L, 49L, 47L, 24L, 38L, 
        31L, 13L, 20L, 30L, 35L, 39L, 7L, 40L, 32L, 16L, 34L, 45L, 
        5L, 36L, 15L, 8L, 21L, 6L, 18L, 17L, 46L, 25L, 4L, 37L, 28L, 
        43L, 44L, 26L, 11L, 41L, 3L, 19L, 10L, 23L, 12L, 2L, 27L, 
        22L, 29L, 9L, 14L, 1L, 50L, 33L), .Label = c("AK", "AL", 
        "AR", "AZ", "CA", "CO", "CT", "DC", "DE", "FL", "GA", "HI", 
        "IA", "ID", "IL", "IN", "KS", "KY", "LA", "MA", "MD", "ME", 
        "MI", "MN", "MO", "MS", "MT", "NC", "ND", "NE", "NH", "NJ", 
        "NM", "NV", "NY", "OH", "OK", "OR", "PA", "RI", "SC", "SD", 
        "TN", "TX", "UT", "VA", "VT", "WA", "WI", "WV", "WY"), class = "factor"), 
        Cases = c(364, 8, 1, 6, 1, 5, 21, 5, 13, 95, 10, 216, 16, 
        3, 5, 15, 6, 7, 2, 157, 4, 19, 10, 9, 33, 8, 1, 9, 1, 6, 
        2, 7, 9, 21, 1, 22, 9, 1, 13, 26, 2, 2, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
        NA, NA, NA, NA)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
    -51L))

2- 这是受感染的数据库：

structure(list(State = c("Arizona", "Wyoming", "Arkansas", "California", 
"Colorado", "Connecticut", "District of Columbia", "Florida", 
"Georgia", "Hawaii", "Illinois", "Indiana", "Iowa", "Kansas", 
"Kentucky", "Louisiana", "Maryland", "Massachusetts", "Michigan", 
"Minnesota", "Mississippi", "Missouri", "Nebraska", "Nevada", 
"New Hampshire", "New Jersey", "New York", "North Carolina", 
"Ohio", "Oklahoma", "Oregon", "Pennsylvania", "Rhode Island", 
"South Carolina", "South Dakota", "Tennessee", "Texas", "Utah", 
"Vermont", "Virginia", "Washington", "Wisconsin"), Cases = c(6, 
1, 1, 157, 33, 3, 10, 26, 22, 2, 19, 6, 13, 1, 8, 13, 9, 95, strong text
2, 5, 1, 1, 10, 7, 5, 15, 216, 7, 4, 2, 21, 16, 5, 9, 8, 9, 21, 
2, 1, 9, 364, 6)), row.names = c(NA, -42L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame"))

Answer 1

首先，不推荐使用 readShapeSpatial，而应该使用 rgdal::readOGR 或 sf::st_read。

回答您的问题：

1：如果您想将新案例分配给 exel 文件中的每个州，则您的合并是正确的。 （形状中已经有案例）。我更喜欢将数据框分配给 by 子句名称以更清楚地显示正在发生的事情），例如：

 merge(x= shp_usa@data,y =infected,by.x= "STATE_NAME",by.y="State",all.x = TRUE,sort  = FALSE)

注意。重复的列名称将更改为链接名称的后缀，即 Cases.x 和 Cases.y

2：由于警告状态“无法为签名‘‘data.frame’’的函数‘spplot’找到继承的方法”，这意味着它正在尝试从 shapefile 的数据帧而不是空间文件进行绘图。这是因为您使用 @data 调用 (usa_infected@data) 调用数据框，请尝试将其更改为：

spplot(usa_infected[usa_infected$Cases.y > 0, ],"Cases.y", at = quantile(usa_infected$Cases.y, p = c(0, .25, .5, .75, 1), na.rm = TRUE), col.regions = brewer.pal(5, "Reds"), main = expression("Cases by State"))