无法在 Spring Boot 多模块应用程序中的 JUnit 4 测试中自动装配服务

Question

我有以下项目结构：

-module1
--src/main/java/at.flobau.demo.module1
---model
----Product.java
---service
----ProductService.java
---TestConfiguration.java

--src/test/java/at.flobau.demo.module1.service
---ProductServiceTest.java

-module2
--src/main/java/at.flobau.demo.main
---MainApplication.java

Application 类如下所示：

@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {"at.flobau.demo.main"})
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:application.properties")
@EnableJpaRepositories("at.flobau.demo.module1")
@EntityScan(basePackages = {"at.flobau.demo.module1"})
public class PocApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PocApplication.class, args);
    }

}

服务如下所示：

@Service
public class ProductService implements IProductService {

    @Autowired
    private IProductRepository productRepository;

    ...
}

测试类如下所示：

@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfiguration.class }, loader = 
AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ProductServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    ...
}

测试配置文件如下所示：

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("at.flobau.demo")
public class TestConfiguration{ }

IntelliJ 告诉我，测试中的 ProductService 无法自动装配。当我运行测试时，我得到一个异常：

Error creating bean with name 'ProductServiceTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 
'productService'; nested exception is 
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 
'at.flobau.demo.module1.products.service.ProductService' available: expected at least 1 bean which 
qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: 
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

Answer 1

您应该避免使用字段注入（即使是可能的）并使用构造函数注入。这将解决这个问题，因为您将能够从构造函数传递服务，但它在未来也很有用，因为您可以比“隐藏”的字段注入更好地在代码中定位用法和跟踪对象

所以我建议不要在这里尝试解决您的问题，而是在构造函数注入中重构您的类并通过直接在测试中创建对象或通过为您的测试创建将生成对象的配置来传递服务给出它需要的论点

类似

@ContextConfiguration(classes = { GeneralTester.TestConfig.class })
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class GeneralTester {
  @TestConfiguration
  public static class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    public IProductService productService(final IProductRepository productRepository){
     return new ProductService(productRepository);
    }
    @Bean
    public IProductRepository productRepository(){
      return mock(IProductRepository.class);
    }
  }

  @Autowire
  public IProductService productService;

  @Autowire
  public IProductRepository productRepository;

  @Before
  public void setUp() {
    reset(productRepository);
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(productRepository);
  }

  @Test
  public void doSmth() {
    //... your setup
    when(productRepository.save(any())).thenReturn("something");
    //... your call and assertions
    verify(productRepository).save(any());
  }
}

Answer 2

你可以用@SpringBootTest(classes = ProductService.class)注释你的测试类

Answer 3

您是否尝试过在测试配置类中创建服务的 bean？

@TestConfiguration
@ComponentScan("at.flobau.demo")
public class TestConfiguration { 
    @Bean
    public ProductService productService() {
        return new ProductService();
    }
}