使用 JPA 查询：在 postgres 数组中搜索并在 1 个查询中使用 'in' 子句

Question

有一个过滤器端点可以查询多个属性。 （使用的是Spring Boot 2.4.5） 这是实体：

@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "organization")
@TypeDefs({@TypeDef(name = "dbArray", typeClass = CustomArrayType.class)})
public class Organization implements Serializable {

  @Id
  private Long id;

  @Column
  private String name;

  @Column
  private String otherName;

  @Column(name = "organization_types")
  @Type(type = "dbArray")
  private List<String> organizationTypes;
}

CustomArrayType 是一个自定义的 Hibernate UserType。在postgres中，该列的定义是varchar[]。

这是存储库：

@Repository
public interface OrganizationRepository extends JpaRepository<Organization, Long> {

@Query(
      value =
          "select o from Organization o where"
              + " (:organizationType is null OR :organizationType in (o.organizationTypes)) AND"
              + " (:otherNames is null OR o.otherName in (:otherNames))")
  List<Organization> findOrganizationByTypeAndOtherNamesIn(
      @Param("organizationType") String organizationType,
      @Param("otherNames") List<String> otherNames);
}

但是，我得到一个异常，原因如下： Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: operator does not exist: character varying = character varying[] Hint: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts. Position: 465

我尝试使用原生查询：

@Query(
        value =
            "select * from organization o where"
                + " (:organizationType is null OR :organizationType = ANY(o.organization_types)) AND"
                + " (:otherNames is not null AND o.otherName in (:otherNames))",
        nativeQuery = true)
    List<Organization> findOrganizationByTypeAndOtherNamesIn(
        @Param("organizationType") String organizationType,
        @Param("otherNames") List<String> otherNames);

但不幸的是，我得到以下原因：

Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: operator does not exist: character varying = bytea
  Hint: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.
  Position: 116

（位置 116 是 otherNames 查询开始的位置）。 我不想将otherNames 转换为varchar，因为我提供了List，因此这也不会导致有效的查询。

有谁知道如何让这个查询在本机查询（postgres 10）或 JPQL 中工作？

Answer 1

您需要一个自定义函数，例如my_any 包装 o.organizationTypes 并呈现 any “函数”。这个问题类似如下：unexpected token: '<function_name>' error when using hibernate, JPQL and postgres function

那么你可以这样使用它：

@Repository
public interface OrganizationRepository extends JpaRepository<Organization, Long> {

@Query(
      value =
          "select o from Organization o where"
              + " (:organizationType is null OR :organizationType = my_any(o.organizationTypes)) AND"
              + " (:otherNames is null OR o.otherName in (:otherNames))")
  List<Organization> findOrganizationByTypeAndOtherNamesIn(
      @Param("organizationType") String organizationType,
      @Param("otherNames") List<String> otherNames);
}

Answer 2

好的，即使您优雅地解决了这些问题，您还有一些额外的问题甚至还没有遇到。这是我的建议。您需要其中两个查询是原生的。

@Query(value = "select o from Organization o where o.otherName in :otherNames")
List<Organization> findOrganizationByOtherNamesIn(
      @Param("otherNames") List<String> otherNames);
}

@Query(value = "select * from organization o where"
        + " array_position(o.organization_types, :organizationType) is not null "
        + " AND o.otherName in (:otherNames)",
        nativeQuery = true)
List<Organization> findOrganizationByTypeAndOtherNamesIn(
      @Param("organizationType") String organizationType,
      @Param("otherNames") List<String> otherNames);
}

@Query(value = "select * from organization o where"
        + " array_position(o.organization_types, :organizationType) is not null ",
        nativeQuery = true)
List<Organization> findOrganizationByType(
      @Param("organizationType") String organizationType);
}

在您的控制器/服务中，您可以这样称呼它：

if (organizationType != null && otherNames != null && !otherNames.isEmpty()) {
// that isEmpty is vital to avoid a syntax error on an empty list
    repo.findOrganizationByTypeAndOtherNamesIn(organizationType, otherNames);
}
else if (otherNames != null && !otherNames.isEmpty()) {
    repo.findOrganizationByOtherNamesIn(otherNames);
}
else if (organizationType != null) {
    repo.findOrganizationByType(organizationType);
}
else {
    // this method already exists and is the default logic when both parameters are null
    repo.findAll();
}

从技术上讲，还有另一种可能的解决方法，但如果 otherNames 列表不为空，而是为空，它仍然会给您带来问题。