如何在 linux 服务结构中启动多个进程？

Question

我正在尝试使用以下逻辑从 linux 服务框架启动多个 memcached 进程：

RETVAL=0
pcount="$CACHES"
if [ ! -z "$pcount" ]; then
    while [ $pcount -gt 0 ];
    do
        (( pcount-- ))
        (( port=PORT + pcount ))
        daemon --pidfile ${pidfile}${pcount}.pid memcached -d -p $port -u $USER  -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P ${pidfile}${pcount}.pid $OPTIONS
        (( RETVAL=RETVAL + $? ))
    done
else
    daemon --pidfile ${pidfile}.pid memcached -d -p $PORT -u $USER  -m $CACHESIZE -c $MAXCONN -P ${pidfile}.pid $OPTIONS
    RETVAL=$?
fi

当使用命令service memcached start 运行时，它会为循环中的每个循环创建和更新 pid 文件，但只有进程的最后一个实例仍在运行。也就是说，虽然每个/var/run/memcached/memcached(1 through 5).pid 都是使用PID 创建和更新的；这些过程不存在。 /var/run/memcached/memcached0.pid 也被创建和更新，并且 PID 指向一个正在运行的进程。

我打开了跟踪，我可以看到循环被执行，并且进行了进程调用；但是该过程没有开始（或者很可能开始并立即终止，所以我没有看到它已经开始）。

另一方面，直接以/etc/init.d/memcached start 运行此脚本会导致所有进程都正确启动。

有人能帮我理解为什么service 框架会阻止除最后一个之外的其他实例的启动吗？

Answer 1

按照@nos 的建议，我添加了 strace -f 以在service memcached start 操作期间跟踪调用。我比较了不成功/终止进程和成功进程之间的跟踪调用。我发现的唯一显着差异是：

< bind(26, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(11216), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
< dup(2)                                  = 27
< fcntl(27, F_GETFL)                      = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE)
< fstat(27, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0666, st_rdev=makedev(1, 3), ...}) = 0
< ioctl(27, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, 0x7fff20d5d780) = -1 ENOTTY (Inappropriate ioctl for device)
< mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f5dae958000
< lseek(27, 0, SEEK_CUR)                  = 0
< write(27, "bind(): Permission denied\n", 26) = 26
< close(27)                               = 0
< munmap(0x7f5dae958000, 4096)            = 0
< close(26)                               = 0
< dup(2)                                  = 26
< fcntl(26, F_GETFL)                      = 0x8002 (flags O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE)
< fstat(26, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0666, st_rdev=makedev(1, 3), ...}) = 0
< ioctl(26, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, 0x7fff20d5d730) = -1 ENOTTY (Inappropriate ioctl for device)
< mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f5dae958000
< lseek(26, 0, SEEK_CUR)                  = 0
< write(26, "failed to listen on TCP port 112"..., 54) = 54
< close(26)                               = 0
< munmap(0x7f5dae958000, 4096)            = 0
< exit_group(71)                          = ?
---
> bind(26, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(11211), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
> listen(26, 1024)                        = 0
> epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 26, {EPOLLIN, {u32=26, u64=26}}) = 0
> socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 27
> fcntl(27, F_GETFL)                      = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
> fcntl(27, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)   = 0
> setsockopt(27, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, [1], 4) = 0
> setsockopt(27, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0
> setsockopt(27, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, [1], 4) = 0
> setsockopt(27, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, {onoff=0, linger=0}, 8) = 0
> setsockopt(27, SOL_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, [1], 4) = 0
> bind(27, {sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(11211), inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=0, sin6_scope_id=0}, 28) = 0
> listen(27, 1024)                        = 0
> epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 27, {EPOLLIN, {u32=27, u64=27}}) = 0
> socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 0)         = 28
> bind(28, {sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, 12) = 0
> getsockname(28, {sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=31943, groups=00000000}, [12]) = 0
> gettimeofday({1393735036, 191154}, NULL) = 0
> sendto(28, "\24\0\0\0\26\0\1\3|\265\22S\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 20, 0, {sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, 12) = 20
> recvmsg(28, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(1)=[{"0\0\0\0\24\0\2\0|\265\22S\307|\0\0\2\10\200\376\1\0\0\0\10\0\1\0\177\0\0\1"..., 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 108
> recvmsg(28, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(1)=[{"@\0\0\0\24\0\2\0|\265\22S\307|\0\0\n\200\200\376\1\0\0\0\24\0\1\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 128
> recvmsg(28, {msg_name(12)={sa_family=AF_NETLINK, pid=0, groups=00000000}, msg_iov(1)=[{"\24\0\0\0\3\0\2\0|\265\22S\307|\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\24\0\1\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 20
> close(28)                               = 0
> socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 28

顶部 () 来自最后一个（成功的）进程。很明显，由于缺乏绑定到端口的权限，该进程正在终止。进一步看，我意识到 SELinux 设置为 ENFORCE，这阻止了 memcached 服务绑定到 11211（默认端口）以外的端口。

据我所知，当我在没有service 命令的情况下运行它时，行为只是一个进程（而不是服务）的行为，因此没有强制执行绑定。

关闭 SELinux 的 ENFORCED 模式，service memcached start 命令工作！