想要在 postgresql 上运行测试：psycopg2.OperationalError

Question

编辑 1

已添加 _test.py 与 postgresql 数据库连接数据，但运行时失败我运行命令 py manage.py test cafe.tests.CafeTestCase --settings=core.settings._test

RuntimeWarning: Normally Django will use a connection to the 'postgres' database to avoid running initialization queries against the production database when it's not needed (for example, when running tests). Django was unable to create a connection to the 'postgres' database and will use the first PostgreSQL database instead.
  warnings.warn(
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 127, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
psycopg2.OperationalError

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 629, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line 552, in setup_databases
    return _setup_databases(
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\test\utils.py", line 170, in setup_databases
    connection.creation.create_test_db(
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 58, in create_test_db
    self._create_test_db(verbosity, autoclobber, keepdb)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 168, in _create_test_db
    with self._nodb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 256, in cursor
    return self._cursor()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 233, in _cursor
    self.ensure_connection()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 217, in ensure_connection
    self.connect()
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 195, in connect
    self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 178, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "D:\Users\jl3\DevSpace\Envs\envIntensecovAPI\lib\site-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 127, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, **kwasync)
django.db.utils.OperationalError

---

我有一个带有 Docker 和不同开发环境的 Django 应用程序集：dev、preprod、prod。 我在本地 Windows 环境中使用 postgresql 数据库/pgaadmin 4 我想在 VSCode 终端“外部”Docker 编写和运行测试

（因为如果我使用 Web 容器运行测试，我的 tests.py 中的更改不会更新，所以我需要关闭、构建并重新运行我的容器）

所以我运行命令 py manage.py test cafe.tests.CafeTestCase --settings=core.settings.preprod 我指定要考虑的设置

但我收到了一个错误 sqlite3.OperationalError: no such function: Now，因为某些数据迁移使用了我在 sqlite 中不可用的 timezone.now()

但我已经在我的设置中指定了 test_database 并授予了用户访问权限，所以测试应该考虑 postgresql 否？

_test.py

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
        "NAME": "db_preprod",
        "USER": "user_preprod",
        "PASSWORD": "user_preprod",
        "HOST": "localhost",
        "PORT": "5433",
        'TEST' : {
            'NAME': 'test_db_preprod',
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

由于SQLite没有提供now()函数，需要将now()替换为datetime('now')

Answer 2

所以您只需在 _test.py 设置中创建数据库（或使用现有数据库）