这是我的“农民”方法(在 Python 中,经过测试,请参阅 cmets 了解基本原理)
请注意,这里的实现细节“暴露”是没有问题的,因为您正在测试的是恰好被“顶级”代码使用的底层架构。因此,对其进行测试是合法且行为良好的(我也希望这是您的想法)。
代码(主要思想是从单个但“不可测试”的递归函数转换为等效的一对递归相关(因此可测试)函数):
def factorial(n):
"""Everyone knows this functions contract:)
Internally designed to use 'factorial_impl' (hence recursion)."""
return factorial_impl(n, factorial_impl)
def factorial_impl(n, fct=factorial):
"""This function's contract is
to return 'n*fct(n-1)' for n > 1, or '1' otherwise.
'fct' must be a function both taking and returning 'int'"""
return n*fct(n - 1) if n > 1 else 1
测试:
import unittest
class TestFactorial(unittest.TestCase):
def test_impl(self):
"""Test the 'factorial_impl' function,
'wiring' it to a specially constructed 'fct'"""
def fct(n):
"""To be 'injected'
as a 'factorial_impl''s 'fct' parameter"""
# Use a simple number, which will 'show' itself
# in the 'factorial_impl' return value.
return 100
# Here we must get '1'.
self.assertEqual(factorial_impl(1, fct), 1)
# Here we must get 'n*100', note the ease of testing:)
self.assertEqual(factorial_impl(2, fct), 2*100)
self.assertEqual(factorial_impl(3, fct), 3*100)
def test(self):
"""Test the 'factorial' function"""
self.assertEqual(factorial(1), 1)
self.assertEqual(factorial(2), 2)
self.assertEqual(factorial(3), 6)
输出:
Finding files...
['...py'] ... done
Importing test modules ... done.
Test the 'factorial' function ... ok
Test the 'factorial_impl' function, ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK