【发布时间】:2014-01-20 15:50:16
【问题描述】:
问题陈述
我正在开发一个使用记录器进行调试的大型项目。由于我喜欢跟踪某些 CUDA 内核中发生的事情,我试图找到一种方法将我的 CUDA 内核的printf 重定向到stringstream(或任何流),然后可以将其转发到记录器.
可能的解决方案
我通过使用以下代码设法做到了:
#include <cuda.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h> // dup
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream> // stringstream
#include <fstream> // ofstream
char* output_file = "printf_redirect.log";
__global__ void printf_redirect(int* src, int* res)
{
res[threadIdx.x] = threadIdx.x;
printf(" %i: Hello World!\n", res[threadIdx.x]);
}
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const uint N = 2;
// Note: dummy arrays are not actually used, but this should prevent the
// compiler from discarding the printf in the kernel.
int *d_A, *d_B, *h_A, *h_B;
size_t size = N * sizeof (int);
cudaMalloc (&d_A, size);
cudaMalloc (&d_B, size);
h_A = (int*) malloc (size);
h_B = (int*) malloc (size);
cudaMemcpy (d_A, h_A, size, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
std::cout << "std::cout - start" << std::endl;
printf ("stdout - start\n");
/// REGULAR PRINT
// Print to regular stdout
std::cout << "Output to stdout:" << std::endl;
printf_redirect<<<1,1>>> (d_A, d_B);
cudaDeviceSynchronize ();
/// REDIRECTION TO STRINGSTREAM
std::stringstream ss;
// Redirect std::cout to a stringstream
std::streambuf* backup_cout = std::cout.rdbuf ();
std::cout.rdbuf (ss.rdbuf ());
// Redirect stdout to a buffer
char buf[1024] = "";
int backup_stdout = dup (fileno (stdout));
freopen ("/dev/null", "w", stdout);
setbuf (stdout, buf);
std::cout << "Redirected output:" << std::endl;
printf_redirect<<<1,N>>> (d_A, d_B);
cudaDeviceSynchronize ();
// Add CUDA buffer to a stringstream
ss << buf;
// Write stringstream to file
std::ofstream outFile;
outFile.open (output_file);
outFile << ss.str ();
outFile.close ();
/// RESET REDIRECTION
// Redirect back to initial stdout
fflush (stdout);
setbuf (stdout, NULL);
fclose (stdout);
FILE *fp = fdopen (backup_stdout, "w");
fclose (stdout);
*stdout = *fp;
// Redirect back to initial std::cout
std::cout.rdbuf (backup_cout);
std::cout << "std::cout - end" << std::endl;
printf ("stdout - end\n");
cudaMemcpy(h_B, d_B, size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
cudaFree(d_A);
cudaFree(d_B);
free (h_A);
free (h_B);
}
我使用了以下问题来实现这一点:
- Redirect both cout and stdout to a string in C++ for Unit Testing
- How to redirect the output back to the screen after freopen(“out.txt”, “a”, stdout)
运行程序,我们进入控制台:
std::cout - start
stdout - start
Output to stdout:
0: Hello World!
std::cout - end
stdout - end
在printf_redirect.log:
Redirected output:
0: Hello World!
1: Hello World!
问题
有没有更简单的方法来实现这一点? (例如隐藏的 CUDA 选项或简洁的 C/C++ 技巧)
请注意,最终解决方案将在实用程序类中结束,以减少实际代码中的冗长。
【问题讨论】:
-
我看到,当尝试从内核执行 cout 时,编译器会给出一个错误,告诉它不能完成,因为这是一个主机函数。你能解释一下为什么 cout 被认为是一个宿主函数而不是 printf 吗?
标签: c++ linux logging cuda io-redirection