Java替换xml中的单词

Question

我有以下xml

<some tag>
    <some_nested_tag attr="Hello"> Text </some_nested_tag>
    Hello world Hello Programming
</some tag>

从上面的xml中，我想替换出现的单词“Hello”，它们是标签内容的一部分，但不是标签属性的一部分。

我想要以下输出（用 HI 替换 Hello）：

<some tag>
    <some_nested_tag attr="Hello"> Text </some_nested_tag>
    HI world HI Programming
</some tag>

我尝试了 java regex 和一些 DOM 解析器教程，但没有任何运气。我在这里发帖寻求帮助，因为我在我的项目中解决这个问题的时间有限。帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

这可以通过使用消极的后视来完成。

试试这个正则表达式：

(?<!attr=")Hello

它将匹配前面没有attr=的Hello。

所以你可以试试这个：

str = str.replaceAll("(?<!attr=")Hello", "Hi");

也可以通过负前瞻来完成：

Hello(?!([^<]+)?>)

Answer 2

string.replaceAll("(?i)\\shello\\s", " HI ");

---

正则表达式解释：

\sHello\s

Options: Case insensitive

Match a single character that is a “whitespace character” (ASCII space, tab, line feed, carriage return, vertical tab, form feed) «\s»
Match the character string “Hello” literally (case insensitive) «Hello»
Match a single character that is a “whitespace character” (ASCII space, tab, line feed, carriage return, vertical tab, form feed) «\s»

 hi 

Insert the character string “ HI ” literally « HI »

---

Regex101 Demo

Answer 3

XSLT 是一种用于将 XML 文档转换为其他 XML 文档的语言。您可以匹配所有包含“Hello”的文本节点并替换这些特定节点的内容。

在 Java 中使用 XSLT 的一个小例子：

import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, URISyntaxException, TransformerException {
        TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Source xslt = new StreamSource(new File("transform.xslt"));
        Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(xslt);

        Source text = new StreamSource(new File("input.xml"));
        transformer.transform(text, new StreamResult(new File("output.xml")));
    }
}

有一个关于使用 XSLT 替换字符串的好问题 - 您可以在此处找到 XSLT 模板的示例： XSLT string replace

Answer 4

这是一个使用 SAX 解析器的全功能示例。它适用于您的情况，对this example的改动很小

实际替换发生在 MyCopyHandler#endElement() 和 MyCopyHandler#startElement() 中，XML 元素文本内容收集在 MyCopyHandler#characters() 中。还要注意缓冲区维护 - 在处理混合元素内容（文本和子元素）时很重要

我知道 XSLT 解决方案也是可能的，但它不是那么便携。

public class XMLReplace {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws SAXException
     * @throws ParserConfigurationException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        final String str = "<root> Hello <nested attr='Hello'> Text </nested>  Hello world Hello Programming </root>";

        SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        SAXParser parser = spf.newSAXParser();
        XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
        reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler());
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(baos);
        MyCopyHandler duper = new MyCopyHandler(out);
        reader.setContentHandler(duper);
        InputSource is = new InputSource(new StringReader(str));
        reader.parse(is);
        out.close();
        System.out.println(baos);
    }

}

class MyCopyHandler implements ContentHandler {
    private boolean namespaceBegin = false;

    private String currentNamespace;

    private String currentNamespaceUri;

    private Locator locator;

    private final PrintWriter out;

    private final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();

    public MyCopyHandler(PrintWriter out) {
        this.out = out;
    }

    public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator) {
        this.locator = locator;
    }

    public void startDocument() {
    }

    public void endDocument() {
    }

    public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri) {
        namespaceBegin = true;
        currentNamespace = prefix;
        currentNamespaceUri = uri;
    }

    public void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) {
    }

    public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName, Attributes atts) {

        // Flush buffer - needed in case of mixed content (text + elements)
        out.print(buffer.toString().replaceAll("Hello", "HI"));
        // Prepare to collect element text content
        this.buffer.setLength(0);

        out.print("<" + qName);
        if (namespaceBegin) {
            out.print(" xmlns:" + currentNamespace + "=\"" + currentNamespaceUri + "\"");
            namespaceBegin = false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < atts.getLength(); i++) {
            out.print(" " + atts.getQName(i) + "=\"" + atts.getValue(i) + "\"");
        }
        out.print(">");
    }

    public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName) {
        // Process text content
        out.print(buffer.toString().replaceAll("Hello", "HI"));
        out.print("</" + qName + ">");
        // Reset buffer
        buffer.setLength(0);
    }

    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
        // Store chunk of text - parser is allowed to provide text content in chunks for performance reasons
        buffer.append(Arrays.copyOfRange(ch, start, start + length));
    }

    public void ignorableWhitespace(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
        for (int i = start; i < start + length; i++)
            out.print(ch[i]);
    }

    public void processingInstruction(String target, String data) {
        out.print("<?" + target + " " + data + "?>");
    }

    public void skippedEntity(String name) {
        out.print("&" + name + ";");
    }
}

class MyErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
    public void warning(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
        show("Warning", e);
        throw (e);
    }

    public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
        show("Error", e);
        throw (e);
    }

    public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
        show("Fatal Error", e);
        throw (e);
    }

    private void show(String type, SAXParseException e) {
        System.out.println(type + ": " + e.getMessage());
        System.out.println("Line " + e.getLineNumber() + " Column " + e.getColumnNumber());
        System.out.println("System ID: " + e.getSystemId());
    }
}