带有 maven 的 JavaFX - 应用程序启动方法中的异常（InvocationTargetException + RuntimeException + IllegalAccessError）答案

【问题标题】：JavaFX with maven - Exception in Application start method (InvocationTargetException + RuntimeException + IllegalAccessError)带有 maven 的 JavaFX - 应用程序启动方法中的异常（InvocationTargetException + RuntimeException + IllegalAccessError）
【发布时间】：2021-06-26 10:43:02
【问题描述】：

我开始学习 JavaFX，但在正确设置项目时遇到了问题。我一直关注 tutorial 以了解 JavaFX 的工作原理，但是当我运行项目时出现错误，我不知道如何解决。

我一直在寻找遇到相同错误的人，我在 stackoverflow 中找到了一个，但我觉得这与我的问题不符。

拜托，你能帮帮我吗？

提前谢谢你

package com.mathieuascain.javafxtutorial;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    Button button;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        primaryStage.setTitle("My first JavaFX GUI");

        button = new Button();
        button.setText("Click me");

        StackPane layout = new StackPane();
        layout.getChildren().add(button);

        Scene scene = new Scene(layout, 300, 250);
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }
}

Pom 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mathieuascain</groupId>
    <artifactId>javafx-tutorial</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.14</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.14</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
            <version>16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.5</version>
            <type>maven-plugin</type>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.mathieuascain.javafxtutorial.Main</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build> 
</project>

编译错误：

Exception in Application start method
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:464)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:363)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
    at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1071)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:900)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:195)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:831)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessError: superclass access check failed: class com.sun.javafx.scene.control.ControlHelper (in unnamed module @0x9529d1f) cannot access class com.sun.javafx.scene.layout.RegionHelper (in module javafx.graphics) because module javafx.graphics does not export com.sun.javafx.scene.layout to unnamed module @0x9529d1f
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1010)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:150)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:855)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:753)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:676)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:634)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
    at javafx.scene.control.Control.<clinit>(Control.java:86)
    at com.mathieuascain.javafxtutorial.Main.start(Main.java:22)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication1$9(LauncherImpl.java:846)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait$12(PlatformImpl.java:474)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$10(PlatformImpl.java:447)
    at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:391)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$11(PlatformImpl.java:446)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:96)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method)
    at javafx.graphics/com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$runLoop$3(WinApplication.java:174)
    ... 1 more
Exception running application com.mathieuascain.javafxtutorial.Main

Process finished with exit code 1

【问题讨论】：

这个问题似乎几乎与JavaFX 11: IllegalAccessError when creating Label 重复，但由于您使用的是 Maven 和相应的 JavaFX 插件，我不确定解决方案是否完全相同。然而，一般来说，问题在于javafx.controls 模块没有被解析为模块（它最终位于类路径中，其类最终位于所谓的未命名模块中） .

标签： java maven javafx compilation

【解决方案1】：

您可以尝试添加所有 JavaFX 组件，例如：（将版本 15 替换为 16）

   <!-- JavaFx -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-base</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-graphics </artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
                <classifier>win</classifier>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-web</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-media</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>
    
             <dependency>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-swing</artifactId>
                <version>15</version>
            </dependency>

【讨论】：