事务性 SpringJUnit4 测试失败

Question

我们的 Spring Web 应用程序的事务性 JUnit 测试失败。

具体来说：如果我分别用 maven 执行每个测试，它们会运行：

mvn -Dtest=Test1
mvn -Dtest=Test2

如果我执行

mvn -Dtest=Test1,Test2 

我在其中一项测试中遇到 JPA 错误：

Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is
    java.lang.IllegalStateException:
        Attempting to execute an operation on a closed EntityManagerFactory."
        type="org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException"
        org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException:
            Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction; nested exception is
                java.lang.IllegalStateException:
                    Attempting to execute an operation on a closed EntityManagerFactory.
                        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryDelegate.verifyOpen(EntityManagerFactoryDelegate.java:338)
                        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryDelegate.createEntityManagerImpl(EntityManagerFactoryDelegate.java:303)
                        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.createEntityManagerImpl(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:336)
                        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryImpl.createEntityManager(EntityManagerFactoryImpl.java:302)
                        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.createEntityManagerForTransaction(JpaTransactionManager.java:449)
                        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doBegin(JpaTransactionManager.java:369)
                        at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:373)
                        at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.createTransactionIfNecessary(TransactionAspectSupport.java:439)
                        at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:262)
                        at org.springframework.transaction.aspectj.AbstractTransactionAspect.ajc$around$org_springframework_transaction_aspectj_AbstractTransactionAspect$1$2a73e96c(AbstractTransactionAspect.aj:64)
                        ...

如果我将surefire插件设置为为每个测试重新创建整个JVM，它们也会运行，这当然会花费大量时间。

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>${maven.surefire.version}</version>
    <configuration>
        <reuseForks>false</reuseForks>
        <forkCount>1</forkCount>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

应用设置：

• Spring，带有 Spring Roo（因此 proxymode=asjectJ ！）
• Eclipselink 作为 JPA 提供者

用于测试设置的ApplicationContext.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="[packagename]">
    <context:exclude-filter expression=".*_Roo_.*" type="regex" />
    <context:exclude-filter expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" type="annotation" />
</context:component-scan>
<context:spring-configured />
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.properties" />
<context:annotation-config />

<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"
    id="transactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj"
    transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

<bean
    class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"
    id="entityManagerFactory">
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit" />
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
    destroy-method="close" id="dataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${test_database.driverClassName}" />
    <property name="url" value="${test_database.url}" />
    <property name="username" value="${test_database.username}" />
    <property name="password" value="${test_database.password}" />
    <property name="testOnBorrow" value="true" />
    <property name="testOnReturn" value="true" />
    <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
    <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="1800000" />
    <property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="3" />
    <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="1800000" />
    <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
</bean>

<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource"
    ignore-failures="ALL">
    <jdbc:script location="${test_database.selectLocation}" />
    <jdbc:script location="${test_database.initLocation}" />
    <jdbc:script location="${test_database.dataLocation}" />
</jdbc:initialize-database>
</beans>

JUnit 测试如下所示：

@WebAppConfiguration
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
    "classpath:META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml",
    "classpath:META-INF/spring/webmvc-config.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
@DirtiesContext
public class Test1 {

    @Autowired
    WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager entityManager;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
      this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void getJSONTest() throws Exception {
    ...
    }
}

有人知道这两个测试是如何连接的吗？一个必须为另一个关闭 entityManager，但为什么以及如何？

感谢任何想法！

Edit1：按照建议删除了@TransactionConfiguration 和@DirtiesContext，但现在我得到了一个

No transaction is currently active; nested exception is
    javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException

Edit2：到目前为止，我一直在追查这个问题，以至于我执行测试的顺序出了问题。因此，测试不是相互独立的。我尝试了几种注释和执行顺序的排列，每次都会导致不同的错误/行为。

目前班级级别的设置是：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
    "classpath:META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml",
    "classpath:META-INF/spring/webmvc-config.xml" })
@WebAppConfiguration
@Transactional
@DirtiesContext

我再次添加了@DirtiesContext 注释，因为新初始化的上下文有时似乎会有所帮助。

这里很难找到真正的问题，但我遇到了一个具体的问题：

我将我的测试类包装在 @Transactional 中，并在我调用的测试方法中

mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(...))

，调用控制器方法。这个控制器方法委托给另一个具有@Transactional 方法的bean。在 mockMvc.perform() 返回后，我正在检查单元测试天气该值已写入数据库。我知道这只有在事务提交到数据库或使用相同的 Transaction/entityManager 时才有效。测试方法的事务，是否与被调用的控制器相同，或者我们在这里谈论的是两个不同的实体管理器/事务？

Answer 1

我会说@DirtiesContext 正在这样做 - 请参阅此处http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/test/annotation/DirtiesContext.html

我会尝试：

1. 删除 @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager") - 根据您的 spring xml 配置，我认为这不是必需的
2. 删除@DirtiesContext

如果情况有所改善，请尝试... 这是我用于测试 DAO 层的设置（每个方法实际上都到达了真实的数据库，但是由于@Rollback，数据库永远不会被测试更改，因此测试不会相互干扰）

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = RealDbDAOTests.class)
@Transactional
@Rollback
public class DaoTests {
 ....
}