如何使用 Java 在 https 连接请求中附加 .pfx 证书？

Question

我在 Windows 证书存储中安装了一个 pfx 证书，我可以使用 C# 将其附加到 https REST 调用中。

现在我需要使用 Java 做同样的事情。我读到 .pfx 证书具有私钥以及一个或多个证书。

我收到以下错误：PKIX 路径构建失败：sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException：无法找到请求目标的有效认证路径。

我在 Java 中尝试过的事情

1. 我使用 KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("Windows-MY", "SunMSCAPI") 直接从 Windows 商店获取证书并创建了我在 HTTPS 调用中使用的 SSLContext

2. 我从 Windows 商店将证书导入为 .cer 文件，并从代码中将其作为文件读取并附加到 https 调用

3. 我从代码中读取 .pfx 文件并将其附加到调用中。

4. 我已使用 KeyTool 将证书添加到 Java-Home (C:/Work/certi/jre1.8.0_91/lib/security/cacerts) 的 cacerts 文件中。

完整的Java代码如下。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;


public class TestElk {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException, KeyManagementException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchProviderException {
        
    CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
    Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(new FileInputStream(new File("C:/Work/certi/jre1.8.0_91/lib/security/elkcert.cer")));//exported certificate

    /* KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("Windows-MY", "SunMSCAPI");
    ks.load(null,null);
    
    Enumeration enumeration = ks.aliases();     
    while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {            
        String alias = (String)enumeration.nextElement();
        System.out.println("alias name: " + alias);        }
    
    Certificate[] certificate = ks.getCertificateChain("alias");
     */
    
    // Create TrustStore        
    KeyStore trustStoreContainingTheCertificate =     KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
    trustStoreContainingTheCertificate.load(null, null);

    trustStoreContainingTheCertificate.setCertificateEntry("cert", certificate);

    // Create SSLContext
    TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    trustManagerFactory.init(trustStoreContainingTheCertificate);


    final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    sslContext.init(null,trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(),new SecureRandom());
    SSLContext.setDefault(sslContext);
    
    HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;   
    
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier);

    URL url = new URL("https://server-link");
    
    HttpsURLConnection con =    (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();           
    con.setRequestMethod("POST");
    con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko");
    con.setConnectTimeout(10000);
    con.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()); 
    con.connect();
    
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    String line;
    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        sb.append(line+"\n");
    }
    br.close();
    System.out.println(sb.toString());
    //int s= con.getResponseCode();  }

Answer 1

鉴于您已将颁发的 CA 证书（请参阅下面的评论）导入 cacerts 文件，以下应该可以工作，可以在不同的 SO 线程 Here 中找到很多帮助：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;


public class TestElk {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException, KeyManagementException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchProviderException {

    
    KeyStore clientStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
    clientStore.load(new FileInputStream(new File("C:/path_to_pfx/mypfx.pfx")), "pfxPass".toCharArray());
    KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    kmf.init(clientStore, "pfxPass".toCharArray());
    KeyManager[] kms = kmf.getKeyManagers();
    
    // Assuming that you imported the CA Cert "Subject: CN=MBIIS CA, OU=MBIIS, O=DAIMLER, C=DE"
    // to your cacerts Store.
    KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    trustStore.load(new FileInputStream("cacerts"), "changeit".toCharArray());

    TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    tmf.init(trustStore);
    TrustManager[] tms = tmf.getTrustManagers();

    final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    sslContext.init(kms,tms,new SecureRandom());
    SSLContext.setDefault(sslContext);

    HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;   
    System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "IP_OF_PROXY_HOST_GOES_HERE");
    System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "PORT_NUMBER_GOES_HERE");
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier);

    URL url = new URL("https://server-link");

    HttpsURLConnection con =    (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();           
    con.setRequestMethod("POST");
    con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko");
    con.setConnectTimeout(10000);
    con.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()); 
    con.connect();

    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    String line;
    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        sb.append(line+"\n");
    }
    br.close();
    System.out.println(sb.toString());
    //int s= con.getResponseCode();
}

}