Android FragmentTabHost - 还没有完全出炉？

Question

我想看看是否有人使用新的 Android API 级别 17 附带的 FragmentTabHost 自定义选项卡取得了成功。

我很高兴能够在我的 ViewPager SherlockFragments 中嵌套一个 tabHost，但我在做一些简单的事情时遇到了麻烦，比如将标签移到底部或更改标签的布局。

有人见过使用此功能的好例子吗？

这是我可以在 Android 文档中找到的唯一示例，几乎没有任何内容描述了它的用途。它似乎也忽略了 R.id.fragment1 布局中定义的任何内容。

我想我的问题是是否有人遇到过好的教程 re:FragmentTabHost 或者如果他们知道如何 a) 将嵌套选项卡放在底部或 b) 更改所述选项卡的布局。

我已经尝试了所有常用的方法，但由于 XML 布局文件似乎被覆盖，所以我运气不佳。

private FragmentTabHost mTabHost;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
        Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    setContentView(R.layout.fragment_tabs);
    mTabHost = (FragmentTabHost)findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);
    mTabHost.setup(this, getSupportFragmentManager(), R.id.realtabcontent);

    mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("simple").setIndicator("Simple"),
            FragmentStackSupport.CountingFragment.class, null);
    mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("contacts").setIndicator("Contacts"),
            LoaderCursorSupport.CursorLoaderListFragment.class, null);
    mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("custom").setIndicator("Custom"),
            LoaderCustomSupport.AppListFragment.class, null);
    mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("throttle").setIndicator("Throttle"),
            LoaderThrottleSupport.ThrottledLoaderListFragment.class, null);

    return mTabHost;
}

经过一些研究，似乎在支持库中初始化 FragmentTabHost 时可能存在故障。用户here on Google code对此提出了建议：

FragmentTabHost.java

private void initFragmentTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
            new int[] { android.R.attr.inflatedId }, 0, 0);
    mContainerId = a.getResourceId(0, 0);
    a.recycle();

    super.setOnTabChangedListener(this);

    // If owner hasn't made its own view hierarchy, then as a convenience
    // we will construct a standard one here.


/***** HERE COMMENT CODE BECAUSE findViewById(android.R.id.tabs) EVERY TIME IS NULL WE HAVE OWN         LAYOUT ******//


//        if (findViewById(android.R.id.tabs) == null) {
//            LinearLayout ll = new LinearLayout(context);
//            ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
//            addView(ll, new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
//                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,
//                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
//
//            TabWidget tw = new TabWidget(context);
//            tw.setId(android.R.id.tabs);
//            tw.setOrientation(TabWidget.HORIZONTAL);
//            ll.addView(tw, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
//                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT,
//                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 0));
//
//            FrameLayout fl = new FrameLayout(context);
//            fl.setId(android.R.id.tabcontent);
//            ll.addView(fl, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(0, 0, 0));
//
//            mRealTabContent = fl = new FrameLayout(context);
//            mRealTabContent.setId(mContainerId);
//            ll.addView(fl, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
//                    LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, 0, 1));
//        }
}

片段的 XML 布局：

<android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@android:id/tabhost"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<LinearLayout
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">  
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@android:id/tabcontent"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="0"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/realtabcontent"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"/>
    <TabWidget
        android:id="@android:id/tabs"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="0"/>

</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost>

Answer 1

我终于明白了。 FragmentTabHost.java 存在一个问题，它总是会为您创建一个 TabHost 元素，无论您在 XML 中定义什么并预先膨胀。

因此，我在编写自己的 FragmentTabHost.java 版本时注释掉了那部分代码。

确保在您的 XML 布局中使用您的新版本，<com.example.app.MyFragmentTabHost

当然还要给它充气：

Fragment1.java：

mTabHost = (MyFragmentTabHost) view.findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);
mTabHost.setup(getActivity(), getChildFragmentManager(), android.R.id.tabcontent);

MyFragmentTabHost.java:

package com.example.app;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.TabHost;

/**
 * Special TabHost that allows the use of {@link Fragment} objects for
 * its tab content.  When placing this in a view hierarchy, after inflating
 * the hierarchy you must call {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager, int)}
 * to complete the initialization of the tab host.
 *
 */
public class MyFragmentTabHost extends TabHost
    implements TabHost.OnTabChangeListener {
private final ArrayList<TabInfo> mTabs = new ArrayList<TabInfo>();
private FrameLayout mRealTabContent;
private Context mContext;
private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
private int mContainerId;
private TabHost.OnTabChangeListener mOnTabChangeListener;
private TabInfo mLastTab;
private boolean mAttached;

static final class TabInfo {
    private final String tag;
    private final Class<?> clss;
    private final Bundle args;
    private Fragment fragment;

    TabInfo(String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args) {
        tag = _tag;
        clss = _class;
        args = _args;
    }
}

static class DummyTabFactory implements TabHost.TabContentFactory {
    private final Context mContext;

    public DummyTabFactory(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
    }

    @Override
    public View createTabContent(String tag) {
        View v = new View(mContext);
        v.setMinimumWidth(0);
        v.setMinimumHeight(0);
        return v;
    }
}

static class SavedState extends BaseSavedState {
    String curTab;

    SavedState(Parcelable superState) {
        super(superState);
    }

    private SavedState(Parcel in) {
        super(in);
        curTab = in.readString();
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
        super.writeToParcel(out, flags);
        out.writeString(curTab);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "FragmentTabHost.SavedState{"
                + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this))
                + " curTab=" + curTab + "}";
    }

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<SavedState> CREATOR
            = new Parcelable.Creator<SavedState>() {
        public SavedState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new SavedState(in);
        }

        public SavedState[] newArray(int size) {
            return new SavedState[size];
        }
    };
}

public MyFragmentTabHost(Context context) {
    // Note that we call through to the version that takes an AttributeSet,
    // because the simple Context construct can result in a broken object!
    super(context, null);
    initFragmentTabHost(context, null);
}

public MyFragmentTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
    initFragmentTabHost(context, attrs);
}

private void initFragmentTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
            new int[] { android.R.attr.inflatedId }, 0, 0);
    mContainerId = a.getResourceId(0, 0);
    a.recycle();

    super.setOnTabChangedListener(this);


    /*** REMOVE THE REST OF THIS FUNCTION ***/
    /*** findViewById(android.R.id.tabs) IS NULL EVERY TIME ***/
}

/**
 * @deprecated Don't call the original TabHost setup, you must instead
 * call {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager)} or
 * {@link #setup(Context, FragmentManager, int)}.
 */
@Override @Deprecated
public void setup() {
    throw new IllegalStateException(
            "Must call setup() that takes a Context and FragmentManager");
}

public void setup(Context context, FragmentManager manager) {
    super.setup();
    mContext = context;
    mFragmentManager = manager;
    ensureContent();
}

public void setup(Context context, FragmentManager manager, int containerId) {
    super.setup();
    mContext = context;
    mFragmentManager = manager;
    mContainerId = containerId;
    ensureContent();
    mRealTabContent.setId(containerId);

    // We must have an ID to be able to save/restore our state.  If
    // the owner hasn't set one at this point, we will set it ourself.
    if (getId() == View.NO_ID) {
        setId(android.R.id.tabhost);
    }
}

private void ensureContent() {
    if (mRealTabContent == null) {
        mRealTabContent = (FrameLayout)findViewById(mContainerId);
        if (mRealTabContent == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "No tab content FrameLayout found for id " + mContainerId);
        }
    }
}

@Override
public void setOnTabChangedListener(OnTabChangeListener l) {
    mOnTabChangeListener = l;
}

public void addTab(TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec, Class<?> clss, Bundle args) {
    tabSpec.setContent(new DummyTabFactory(mContext));
    String tag = tabSpec.getTag();

    TabInfo info = new TabInfo(tag, clss, args);

    if (mAttached) {
        // If we are already attached to the window, then check to make
        // sure this tab's fragment is inactive if it exists.  This shouldn't
        // normally happen.
        info.fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tag);
        if (info.fragment != null && !info.fragment.isDetached()) {
            FragmentTransaction ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            ft.detach(info.fragment);
            ft.commit();
        }
    }

    mTabs.add(info);
    addTab(tabSpec);
}

@Override
protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
    super.onAttachedToWindow();

    String currentTab = getCurrentTabTag();

    // Go through all tabs and make sure their fragments match
    // the correct state.
    FragmentTransaction ft = null;
    for (int i=0; i<mTabs.size(); i++) {
        TabInfo tab = mTabs.get(i);
        tab.fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(tab.tag);
        if (tab.fragment != null && !tab.fragment.isDetached()) {
            if (tab.tag.equals(currentTab)) {
                // The fragment for this tab is already there and
                // active, and it is what we really want to have
                // as the current tab.  Nothing to do.
                mLastTab = tab;
            } else {
                // This fragment was restored in the active state,
                // but is not the current tab.  Deactivate it.
                if (ft == null) {
                    ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                }
                ft.detach(tab.fragment);
            }
        }
    }

    // We are now ready to go.  Make sure we are switched to the
    // correct tab.
    mAttached = true;
    ft = doTabChanged(currentTab, ft);
    if (ft != null) {
        ft.commit();
        mFragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();
    }
}

@Override
protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {
    super.onDetachedFromWindow();
    mAttached = false;
}

@Override
protected Parcelable onSaveInstanceState() {
    Parcelable superState = super.onSaveInstanceState();
    SavedState ss = new SavedState(superState);
    ss.curTab = getCurrentTabTag();
    return ss;
}

@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state) {
    SavedState ss = (SavedState)state;
    super.onRestoreInstanceState(ss.getSuperState());
    setCurrentTabByTag(ss.curTab);
}

@Override
public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {
    if (mAttached) {
        FragmentTransaction ft = doTabChanged(tabId, null);
        if (ft != null) {
            ft.commit();
        }
    }
    if (mOnTabChangeListener != null) {
        mOnTabChangeListener.onTabChanged(tabId);
    }
}

private FragmentTransaction doTabChanged(String tabId, FragmentTransaction ft) {
    TabInfo newTab = null;
    for (int i=0; i<mTabs.size(); i++) {
        TabInfo tab = mTabs.get(i);
        if (tab.tag.equals(tabId)) {
            newTab = tab;
        }
    }
    if (newTab == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("No tab known for tag " + tabId);
    }
    if (mLastTab != newTab) {
        if (ft == null) {
            ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }
        if (mLastTab != null) {
            if (mLastTab.fragment != null) {
                ft.detach(mLastTab.fragment);
            }
        }
        if (newTab != null) {
            if (newTab.fragment == null) {
                newTab.fragment = Fragment.instantiate(mContext,
                        newTab.clss.getName(), newTab.args);
                ft.add(mContainerId, newTab.fragment, newTab.tag);
            } else {
                ft.attach(newTab.fragment);
            }
        }

        mLastTab = newTab;
    }
    return ft;
}
}

Answer 2

我认为，将方法initFragmentTabHost() 设置为构造函数是错误的。那时 TabHost 不要他的孩子 - 它发生在之后。例如，LinearLayout 与他的孩子一起使用onMeasure() 方法（grepcode）。 ViewGroup 在构造函数中只是初始化变量，并设置 mChildrenCount = 0 (grepcode)。

我能做的，只是装扮FragmentTabHost：

<android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost xmlns:a="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    a:id="@android:id/tabhost"
    style="@style/Widget.TabHost"
    a:inflatedId="@+id/content" />

并且装扮Tabs（制表符高度有问题，我用代码解决）：

<LinearLayout xmlns:a="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    style="@style/Widget.Tab" >
    <TextView
        a:id="@android:id/title"
        style="@style/Widget.TabTitle" />
</LinearLayout>

在代码中：

    tabSpec = mTabHost.newTabSpec(tag).setIndicator(createTab(caption));

...

    private View createTab(CharSequence title) {
        final View v = View.inflate(getActivity(), LAYOUT_TAB, null);
        ((TextView) v.findViewById(android.R.id.title)).setText(title);
        return v;
    }

我认为 TabWidget 的其他自定义只能通过编程操作来完成，如下所示：

    final View tabs = (TabWidget) mTabHost.findViewById(android.R.id.tabs);
    final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) mTabHost.getChildAt(0); 
    parent.removeView(tabs);
    parent.addView(tabs);

恕我直言，这不好。

Answer 3

据我测试jamisOn 解决方案很好。重要的是不要使用其构造函数初始化 MyFragmentTabHost。至少如果持有 MyFragmentTabHost 的类是一个片段。我还没有用 FragmentActivity 测试过......

Answer 4

我想提一些关于 FragmentTabHost 的更多问题。我正在使用 ViewPager，其中每个页面（视图）都包含一个 FragmentTabHost，我必须克服几个问题：

1) FragmentTabHost 假定它是其父 FragmentManager 中唯一的 FragmentTabHost（FragmentTabHost.setup() 的第二个参数）。这导致了其余的问题......

2) 您在调用addTab() 时提供的“标签”会直接传递给 FragmentManager，因此如果您只对所有页面使用硬编码标签（这是非常合理的做法），您的第一页将创建标签片段而其他所有页面都会重复使用这些标签。是的，第 2 页控制第 1 页...

解决方案是生成唯一的标签名称。我将页码附加到硬编码的字符串中：

public Object instantiateItem( ViewGroup container, int position )
{
    ...
    tabHost.addTab( tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab1_" + position ) ...);
    tabHost.addTab( tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab2_" + position ) ...);
    tabHost.addTab( tabHost.newTabSpec( "tab3_" + position ) ...);
    ...
}

3) 所有选项卡片段都放置在仅由“view id”标识的容器中（FragmentTabHost.setup() 的第三个参数）。这意味着当 FragmentManager 将 viewId 解析为 View 时，它总是会找到第一个实例（从第一页开始）。您的所有其他页面都将被忽略。

解决方案是为您的“标签内容”视图分配唯一 ID，例如：

public Object instantiateItem( ViewGroup container, int position )
{
    View view = m_inflater.inflate(R.layout.page, null);

    View tabContent = view.findViewById(R.id.realtabcontent);
    tabContent.setId(m_nextViewId);
    m_nextViewId++;

    MyFragmentTabHost tabHost = (MyFragmentTabHost) view.findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);
    tabHost.setup(m_activity, m_activity.getSupportFragmentManager(), tabContent.getId());
    ...
}

4) 它在销毁时不会删除标签片段。当您滑动时 ViewPager 会破坏未使用的视图，而这些视图中包含的 FragmentTabHosts 会“泄漏”选项卡片段。当 ViewPager 重新实例化以前看到的页面（使用以前使用的标签）时，FragmentTabHost 会注意到这些选项卡的片段已经存在并简单地重新附加它们。这是因为片段指向已被 ViewPager 销毁的视图。

解决方法是在 FragmentTabHost 被销毁的时候移除 Fragment。您需要将此代码添加到 FragmentTabHost.java 的本地副本中的 onDetachedFromWindow()

class MyFragmentTabHost
{
    ...

    protected void onDetachedFromWindow()
    {
        super.onDetachedFromWindow();
        mAttached = false;

        boolean removeFragments = false;
        if( mContext instanceof Activity )
        {
            Activity activity = (Activity)mContext;
            removeFragments = !activity.isDestroyed();
        }

        if( removeFragments )
        {
            FragmentTransaction ft = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < mTabs.size(); i++)
            {
                TabInfo tab = mTabs.get(i);
                if (tab.fragment != null)
                {
                    if (ft == null)
                    {
                        ft = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                    }
                    ft.remove(tab.fragment);
                }
            }

            if (ft != null)
            {
                ft.commit();
                mFragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();
            }
        }
    }

---

您也可以通过使用 FragmentPagerAdapter 或 FragmentStatePagerAdapter（制作片段）而不是标准的 PagerAdapter（制作视图）来解决这些问题。然后你会打电话给FragmentTabHost.setup( ... fragment.getChildFragmentManager() ... )。