将特定文件复制到新文件夹，同时保留原始子目录树

Question

我有一个大目录，其中包含许多要排序的子目录，我正在尝试将特定文件类型复制到新文件夹，但我想保留原始子目录。

def copyFile(src, dest):
try:
    shutil.copy(src,dest)
except shutil.Error as e:
    print('Error: %s' % e)
except IOError as e:
    print('Error: %s' % s.strerror)


for root, directories, files in os.walk(directory):
    for directoryname in directories:
        dirpath = os.path.join(root,directoryname)
        dir_paths.append(dirpath)
        dir_names.append(directoryname)

        if not os.listdir(dirpath): #Cheching if directory is empty
            print("Empty")
            EmptyDirs.append(directoryname) #Add directory name to empty directory list
            EmptyDirPath.append(dirpath)
        else:
            pass

    for filename in files:
        filepath = os.path.join(root,filename)
        file_paths.append(filepath)
        file_names.append(filename)

    if filename.lower().endswith(".sldasm"):
            print(filename.encode('utf8'))
            SolidModels.append(filename)
            copyFile(filepath,dest)
    elif filename.lower().endswith(".sldprt"):
            print(filename.encode('utf8'))
            SolidModels.append(filename)
            copyFile(filepath,dest)
    else:
        pass

这是我现在使用的代码，但它只是复制文件，没有复制它们原来所在的子目录，因此它们在新文件夹中完全没有组织。

这是使用copytree的新代码，但是现在特定文件不会复制，只有子目录可以。

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
    names = os.listdir(src)
    if ignore is not None:
        ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
    else:
        ignored_names = set()

os.makedirs(dst)
errors = []

for name in names:
    if name in ignored_names:
        continue

    srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
    dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)

    try:
        if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
            linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
            os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
        elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
            copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
        else:
            if src is "*.sldasm":
                copy2(srcname, dstname)
            elif src is "*.sldprt":
                copy2(srcname, dstname)

    except (IOError, os.error) as why:
            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))

Answer 1

您可以通过使用（滥用？）其可选的ignore 关键字参数来使用内置的shutil.copytree() 函数做您想做的事情。棘手的部分是，如果给定，它必须是一个可调用的，它返回每个目录中应该不复制的内容，而不是应该复制的内容。

但是，可以编写一个类似于 shutil.ignore_patterns() 的工厂函数来创建一个执行所需操作的函数，并将其用作 ignore 关键字参数的值。

返回的函数首先通过fnmatch.filter() 函数确定要保留的文件，然后将它们从给定目录中的所有内容列表中删除，除非它们是子目录名称 ，在这种情况下，它们将留待以后的[递归]处理。 （这就是它复制整个树的原因，也是您尝试编写自己的 copytree() 函数时可能出现的问题。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Works in Python 2.7 & 3.x

import fnmatch
from os.path import isdir, join

def include_patterns(*patterns):
    """ Function that can be used as shutil.copytree() ignore parameter that
    determines which files *not* to ignore, the inverse of "normal" usage.

    This is a factory function that creates a function which can be used as a
    callable for copytree()'s ignore argument, *not* ignoring files that match
    any of the glob-style patterns provided.

    ‛patterns’ are a sequence of pattern strings used to identify the files to
    include when copying the directory tree.

    Example usage:

        copytree(src_directory, dst_directory,
                 ignore=include_patterns('*.sldasm', '*.sldprt'))
    """
    def _ignore_patterns(path, all_names):
        # Determine names which match one or more patterns (that shouldn't be
        # ignored).
        keep = (name for pattern in patterns
                        for name in fnmatch.filter(all_names, pattern))
        # Ignore file names which *didn't* match any of the patterns given that
        # aren't directory names.
        dir_names = (name for name in all_names if isdir(join(path, name)))
        return set(all_names) - set(keep) - set(dir_names)

    return _ignore_patterns


if __name__ == '__main__':

    from shutil import copytree, rmtree
    import os

    src = r'C:\vols\Files\PythonLib\Stack Overflow'
    dst = r'C:\vols\Temp\temp\test'

    # Make sure the destination folder does not exist.
    if os.path.exists(dst) and os.path.isdir(dst):
        print('removing existing directory "{}"'.format(dst))
        rmtree(dst, ignore_errors=False)

    copytree(src, dst, ignore=include_patterns('*.png', '*.gif'))

    print('done')