与 CakePHP 数据库建立连接时出错

Question

我想学习 CakePHP 并立即得到奇怪的错误 =) 尝试通过控制台创建模型

bin/cake bake model Posts

得到一个错误

root@5b118a83e609:/var/www/public/cake# bin/cake bake model Posts
One moment while associations are detected.
Exception: Connection to Mysql could not be established: SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] No such file or directory
In [/var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver.php, line 140]

2020-10-07 09:23:42 Error: [Cake\Database\Exception\MissingConnectionException] Connection to Mysql could not be established: SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] No such file or directory in /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver.php on line 140
Exception Attributes: array (
  'driver' => 'Mysql',
  'reason' => 'SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] No such file or directory',
)
Stack Trace:
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver/Mysql.php:178
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Schema/SchemaDialect.php:47
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver/Mysql.php:230
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Schema/Collection.php:53
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Connection.php:399
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Utility/TableScanner.php:65
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:1060
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:191
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:122
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:98
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:81
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/BaseCommand.php:179
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/CommandRunner.php:336
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/CommandRunner.php:171
- /var/www/public/cake/bin/cake.php:12

Caused by: [PDOException] SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] No such file or directory in /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver.php on line 132
Stack Trace:
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver.php:132
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Core/Retry/CommandRetry.php:70
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver.php:138
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver/Mysql.php:178
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Schema/SchemaDialect.php:47
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Driver/Mysql.php:230
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Schema/Collection.php:53
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Database/Connection.php:399
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Utility/TableScanner.php:65
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:1060
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:191
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:122
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:98
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/bake/src/Command/ModelCommand.php:81
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/BaseCommand.php:179
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/CommandRunner.php:336
- /var/www/public/cake/vendor/cakephp/cakephp/src/Console/CommandRunner.php:171
- /var/www/public/cake/bin/cake.php:12

设置 100% 正确：config/app.php

'host' =>  'mariadb',
'port' =>  3306,
'username' =>  'root',
'password' =>  'password',
'database' =>  'database',

我正在使用 Docker。附近有 Yii2、Laravel、Symfony 和 WordPress。一切正常，没有任何错误，但 CakePHP 出于某种原因无法连接到数据库。

如何解决？

附：

顺便说一句，如果我在浏览器中打开一个新安装的框架，那么“数据库”块中也会出现错误

CakePHP is NOT able to connect to the database.
Connection to Mysql could not be established: SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] No such file or directory

同时，我尝试通过原生PHP函数mysql_connect直接连接数据库——一切正常！但是 CakePHP 不想工作。

我已经尝试将主机从 mariadb 更改为 Docker 容器的 IP，但没有帮助。

'host' =>  '192.168.32.3',
'port' =>  3306,
'username' =>  'root',
'password' =>  'password',
'database' =>  'database',

不工作。

Answer 1

您使用mariadb 作为主机，而不是实际 MySQL 容器的 IP。通常您可以使用localhost，但由于您使用的是 Docker，所以这是不可能的。确保使用 MySQL/MariaDB 容器的 IP。

如果您不知道如何操作，请使用docker ps，它会显示您所有的 containerID。 然后在正确的容器中查找IP（带有containerID）docker inspect CONTAINERIDGOESHERE | grep "IPAddress"。

在你的数据库连接中使用这个 IP 而不是 localhost，你就设置好了。

所以你的配置看起来像这样：

'host' =>  '172.19.0.2', // This is example IP, replace it with your found IP
'port' =>  3306,
'username' =>  'root',
'password' =>  'password',
'database' =>  'database',

更新的答案： 请不要使用 IP 连接到容器。 IP 可以在容器重新创建时发生变化，因此是一种不好的做法。请改用容器名称。只需确保将网络行添加到容器和全局。看起来像这样：

version: "3.1"
services:

  mariadb:
    image: mariadb:10.6
    container_name: mariadb
    working_dir: /application
    volumes:
      - .:/application
    ports:
      - "1027:3306"
    networks:
      - application

  webserver:
    container_name: webserver
    image: nginx:alpine
    working_dir: /application
    volumes:
      - .:/application
    ports:
      - "1025:80"
    networks:
      - application
networks:
  application:

您的数据库连接字符串如下所示：root:root@containerNameb/dbName