MariaDB 10.3 数据库服务器启动失败答案

【问题标题】：Failed to start MariaDB 10.3 database serverMariaDB 10.3 数据库服务器启动失败
【发布时间】：2021-09-21 13:55:37
【问题描述】：

无法启动 mariadb.service。启动 mariadb.service 时出现以下错误。

[root@localhost bggb]# systemctl start  mariadb.service
        Job for mariadb.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
        See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

这里是 mariadb.service 的状态

[root@localhost bggb]# systemctl status mariadb.service
            ● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3 database server
               Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
               Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2021-07-12 16:56:03 IST; 59s ago
                 Docs: man:mysqld(8)
                       https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
              Process: 6260 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER (code=exited>
              Process: 6221 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-prepare-db-dir mariadb.service (code=exited, status=0/SUCC>
              Process: 6196 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysql-check-socket (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
             Main PID: 6260 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
               Status: "MariaDB server is down"
            
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'Aria' init funct>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'Aria' registrati>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disa>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [ERROR] Could not open mysql.plu>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [ERROR] Unknown/unsupported stor>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: 2021-07-12 16:56:03 0 [ERROR] Aborting
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain mysqld[6260]: Warning: Memory not freed: 520
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, statu>
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
            Jul 12 16:56:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB 10.3 database server.

听到是 journalctl -xe 的输出，以获取更多信息。配置是第一次完成。

[root@localhost bggb]# journalctl -xe
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: == Stack trace for context 0x55df8c69>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #0   7ffd7797b5d0 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #1   7ffd7797b680 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #2   55df8cc77d30 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #3   7ffd7797c610 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain gnome-shell[2874]: Object .Gjs_CapsLockWarning (0x55df8d192040), has>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #4   55df8cc77ca0 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #5   55df8cc77c20 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: == Stack trace for context 0x55df8c69>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #0   7ffd7797b5d0 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #1   7ffd7797b680 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #2   55df8cc77d30 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #3   7ffd7797c610 b   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #4   55df8cc77ca0 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain org.gnome.Shell.desktop[2874]: #5   55df8cc77c20 i   resource:///org>
Jul 12 17:45:52 localhost.localdomain gnome-shell[2874]: Object .Gjs_CapsLockWarning (0x55df8d192040), has>
Jul 12 17:45:53 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1115]: <info>  [1626092153.0272] agent-manager: agent>
Jul 12 17:46:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: fprintd.service: Succeeded.
-- Subject: Unit succeeded
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
-- 
-- The unit fprintd.service has successfully entered the 'dead' state.

【问题讨论】：

还有journalctl -xe 输出？
您还应该检查行尾。有一个> 字符表示该行被截断。也许使用键盘箭头键向右滚动。那里似乎有重要信息。
mysql没有aria表引擎，所以你的问题不适用于mysql，只适用于mariadb。
@yunzen 为 -xe 编辑
@Shadow 好的，但也安装了 mysql...

标签： mariadb rhel

【解决方案1】：

重命名日志文件并启动 MySQL 可能是解决此问题的一个选项。

mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0.bak 

mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1.bak

systemctl start mysql

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

看起来 MariaDB 数据目录不可写。检查它是否属于mysql 用户以及子目录：

 chown -R mysql: /var/lib/mysql

如果您已将 datadir 移动到 /home 下的某个位置，除了更改上述权限（已更正路径）之外，请在 systemd 中禁用 ProtectHome 的保护：

运行：systemctl edit mariadb.service 并在编辑器中包含以下内容，然后保存并退出：

 [Service]
 ProtectHome=false

然后重启服务：

systemctl restart mariadb.service

如果你改变了默认的 /var/lib/mysql 的数据目录

semanage fcontext -a -t mysqld_db_t "/mariadb/data(/.*)?"
restorecon -Rv /var/lib/mysql

如果您的 datadir 是一个新创建的文件系统，它也可能需要正确的 selinux 标签：

restorecon -Rv /var/lib/mysql

有关更多信息，请参阅 MariaDB selinux article Knowledge Base。

【讨论】：