如何在 Android 上使用 cookie 发出 http 请求？

Question

我想在正确处理 cookie 的同时向远程服务器发出 http 请求（例如，存储服务器发送的 cookie，并在我发出后续请求时发送这些 cookie）。保留所有 cookie 会很好，但实际上我唯一关心的是会话 cookie。

对于 java.net，似乎首选的方法是使用 java.net.CookieHandler（抽象基类）和 java.net.CookieManager（具体实现）。 Android有java.net.CookieHandler，但是好像没有java.net.CookieManager。

我可以通过检查 http 标头来手动编码，但似乎必须有更简单的方法。

在保留 cookie 的同时在 Android 上发出 http 请求的正确方法是什么？

Answer 1

我不使用 google android，但我想你会发现让它工作并不难。如果您阅读the relevant bit of the java tutorial，您会看到已注册的cookiehandler 从HTTP 代码中获取回调。

因此，如果没有默认值（您是否检查过CookieHandler.getDefault() 是否真的为空？）那么您可以简单地扩展 CookieHandler，实现 put/get 并使其几乎自动工作。如果你走那条路，一定要考虑并发访问等。

编辑：显然，您必须通过CookieHandler.setDefault() 将自定义实现的实例设置为默认处理程序才能接收回调。忘记说了。

Answer 2

事实证明，Google Android 附带 Apache HttpClient 4.0，我能够使用HttpClient docs 中的“基于表单的登录”示例弄清楚如何做到这一点：

https://github.com/apache/httpcomponents-client/blob/master/httpclient5/src/test/java/org/apache/hc/client5/http/examples/ClientFormLogin.java

---

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

/**
 * A example that demonstrates how HttpClient APIs can be used to perform
 * form-based logon.
 */
public class ClientFormLogin {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://portal.sun.com/portal/dt");

        HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

        System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());
        if (entity != null) {
            entity.consumeContent();
        }
        System.out.println("Initial set of cookies:");
        List<Cookie> cookies = httpclient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
        if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("None");
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
                System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
            }
        }

        HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost("https://portal.sun.com/amserver/UI/Login?" +
                "org=self_registered_users&" +
                "goto=/portal/dt&" +
                "gotoOnFail=/portal/dt?error=true");

        List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken1", "username"));
        nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("IDToken2", "password"));

        httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, HTTP.UTF_8));

        response = httpclient.execute(httpost);
        entity = response.getEntity();

        System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());
        if (entity != null) {
            entity.consumeContent();
        }

        System.out.println("Post logon cookies:");
        cookies = httpclient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
        if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("None");
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
                System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
            }
        }

        // When HttpClient instance is no longer needed, 
        // shut down the connection manager to ensure
        // immediate deallocation of all system resources
        httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();        
    }
}

Answer 3

cookie 只是另一个 HTTP 标头。在使用 apache 库或 HTTPUrlConnection 进行 HTTP 调用时，您始终可以设置它。无论哪种方式，您都应该能够以这种方式读取和设置 HTTP cookie。

您可以阅读this article了解更多信息。

我可以分享我的代码，以证明您可以轻松实现它。

public static String getServerResponseByHttpGet(String url, String token) {

        try {
            HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
            get.setHeader("Cookie", "PHPSESSID=" + token + ";");
            Log.d(TAG, "Try to open => " + url);

            HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(get);
            int connectionStatusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            Log.d(TAG, "Connection code: " + connectionStatusCode + " for request: " + url);

            HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
            String serverResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
            Log.d(TAG, "Server response for request " + url + " => " + serverResponse);

            if(!isStatusOk(connectionStatusCode))
                return null;

            return serverResponse;

        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

Answer 4

由于 Apache 库已弃用，对于那些想要使用 HttpURLConncetion 的人，我编写了这个类来发送 Get 和 Post Request 在 this answer 的帮助下：

public class WebService {

static final String COOKIES_HEADER = "Set-Cookie";
static final String COOKIE = "Cookie";

static CookieManager msCookieManager = new CookieManager();

private static int responseCode;

public static String sendPost(String requestURL, String urlParameters) {

    URL url;
    String response = "";
    try {
        url = new URL(requestURL);

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setReadTimeout(15000);
        conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");

        if (msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies().size() > 0) {
            //While joining the Cookies, use ',' or ';' as needed. Most of the server are using ';'
            conn.setRequestProperty(COOKIE ,
                    TextUtils.join(";", msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies()));
        }

        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);

        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
                new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8"));

        if (urlParameters != null) {
            writer.write(urlParameters);
        }
        writer.flush();
        writer.close();
        os.close();

        Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = conn.getHeaderFields();
        List<String> cookiesHeader = headerFields.get(COOKIES_HEADER);

        if (cookiesHeader != null) {
            for (String cookie : cookiesHeader) {
                msCookieManager.getCookieStore().add(null, HttpCookie.parse(cookie).get(0));
            }
        }

        setResponseCode(conn.getResponseCode());

        if (getResponseCode() == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {

            String line;
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                response += line;
            }
        } else {
            response = "";
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return response;
}


// HTTP GET request
public static String sendGet(String url) throws Exception {

    URL obj = new URL(url);
    HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

    // optional default is GET
    con.setRequestMethod("GET");

    //add request header 
    con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla");
    /*
    * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16150089/how-to-handle-cookies-in-httpurlconnection-using-cookiemanager
    * Get Cookies form cookieManager and load them to connection:
     */
    if (msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies().size() > 0) {
        //While joining the Cookies, use ',' or ';' as needed. Most of the server are using ';'
        con.setRequestProperty(COOKIE ,
                TextUtils.join(";", msCookieManager.getCookieStore().getCookies()));
    }

    /*
    * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16150089/how-to-handle-cookies-in-httpurlconnection-using-cookiemanager
    * Get Cookies form response header and load them to cookieManager:
     */
    Map<String, List<String>> headerFields = con.getHeaderFields();
    List<String> cookiesHeader = headerFields.get(COOKIES_HEADER);
    if (cookiesHeader != null) {
        for (String cookie : cookiesHeader) {
            msCookieManager.getCookieStore().add(null, HttpCookie.parse(cookie).get(0));
        }
    }


    int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();

    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
            new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    String inputLine;
    StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

    while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
        response.append(inputLine);
    }
    in.close();

    return response.toString();
}

public static void setResponseCode(int responseCode) {
    WebService.responseCode = responseCode;
    Log.i("Milad", "responseCode" + responseCode);
}


public static int getResponseCode() {
    return responseCode;
}
}