如何修复 UnicodeDecodeError：“ascii”编解码器无法解码字节？

Question

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

这是我在尝试清理我使用 spaCy 从 html 页面中提取的名称列表时遇到的错误。

我的代码：

import urllib
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import spacy
from spacy.en import English
from __future__ import unicode_literals
nlp_toolkit = English()
nlp = spacy.load('en')

def get_text(url):
    r = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, "lxml")

    # delete unwanted tags:
    for s in soup(['figure', 'script', 'style']):
        s.decompose()

    # use separator to separate paragraphs and subtitles!
    article_soup = [s.get_text(separator="\n", strip=True) for s in soup.find_all( 'div', {'class': 'story-body__inner'})]

    text = ''.join(article_soup)
    return text

# using spacy
def get_names(all_tags):
    names=[]
    for ent in all_tags.ents:
        if ent.label_=="PERSON":
            names.append(str(ent))
    return names

def cleaning_names(names):
    new_names = [s.strip("'s") for s in names] # remove 's' from names
    myset = list(set(new_names)) #remove duplicates
    return myset

def main():
    url = "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39784164"
    text=get_text(url)
    text=u"{}".format(text)
    all_tags = nlp(text)
    names = get_person(all_tags)
    print "names:"
    print names
    mynewlist = cleaning_names(names)
    print mynewlist

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

对于这个特定的 URL，我会得到包含 £ 或 $ 等字符的名称列表：

['尼克克莱格'，'英国脱欧'，'\xc2\xa3590亿'，'特蕾莎梅'，'英国脱欧'， “英国脱欧”、“克莱格先生”、“克莱格先生”、“克莱格先生”、“英国退欧”、“克莱格先生”、 '特蕾莎梅']

然后报错：

Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-19-8582e806c94a> in <module>()
     47 
     48 if __name__ == '__main__':
---> 49     main()

<ipython-input-19-8582e806c94a> in main()
     43     print "names:"
     44     print names
---> 45     mynewlist = cleaning_names(names)
     46     print mynewlist
     47 

<ipython-input-19-8582e806c94a> in cleaning_names(names)
     31 
     32 def cleaning_names(names):
---> 33     new_names = [s.strip("'s") for s in names] # remove 's' from names
     34     myset = list(set(new_names)) #remove duplicates
     35     return myset

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

我尝试了不同的方法来修复 unicode（包括sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')），但没有任何效果。我希望有人以前遇到过同样的问题，并且能够提出修复建议。谢谢！

Answer 1

当您使用'ascii' 编解码器出现解码错误时，这通常表明在需要 Unicode 字符串的上下文中使用了字节字符串（在 Python 2 中，Python 3 根本不允许)。

由于您已导入 from __future__ import unicode_literals，字符串 "'s" 是 Unicode。这意味着您尝试strip 的字符串也必须是Unicode 字符串。修复它，您将不会再收到错误。

Answer 2

正如@MarkRansom 评论的那样，忽略非 ascii 字符会反噬你。

先看看

• How to fix: "UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte"
• to clean text belonging to different languages in python

另外，请注意这是一个反模式：Why should we NOT use sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") in a py script?

最简单的解决方案是只使用 Python3，这样会减轻一些痛苦

>>> import requests
>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> import spacy
>>> nlp = spacy.load('en')

>>> url = "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39784164"
>>> html = requests.get(url).content
>>> bsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
>>> text = '\n'.join(p.text for d in bsoup.find_all( 'div', {'class': 'story-body__inner'}) for p in d.find_all('p') if p.text.strip())

>>> import spacy
>>> nlp = spacy.load('en')
>>> doc = nlp(text)
>>> names = [ent for ent in doc.ents if ent.ent_type_ == 'PERSON']

---

Answer 3

我终于修复了我的代码。我很惊讶它看起来如此简单，但我花了很长时间才到达那里，而且我看到很多人对同样的问题感到困惑，所以我决定发布我的答案。

在传递名称以进行进一步清理之前添加这个小函数解决了我的问题。

def decode(names):        
    decodednames = []
    for name in names:
        decodednames.append(unicode(name, errors='ignore'))
    return decodednames

SpaCy 仍然认为 590 亿英镑是一个人，但我没关系，我可以稍后在我的代码中处理这个问题。

工作代码：

import urllib
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import spacy
from spacy.en import English
from __future__ import unicode_literals
nlp_toolkit = English()
nlp = spacy.load('en')

def get_text(url):
    r = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, "lxml")

    # delete unwanted tags:
    for s in soup(['figure', 'script', 'style']):
        s.decompose()

    # use separator to separate paragraphs and subtitles!
    article_soup = [s.get_text(separator="\n", strip=True) for s in soup.find_all( 'div', {'class': 'story-body__inner'})]

    text = ''.join(article_soup)
    return text

# using spacy
def get_names(all_tags):
    names=[]
    for ent in all_tags.ents:
        if ent.label_=="PERSON":
            names.append(str(ent))
    return names

def decode(names):        
    decodednames = []
    for name in names:
        decodednames.append(unicode(name, errors='ignore'))
    return decodednames

def cleaning_names(names):
    new_names = [s.strip("'s") for s in names] # remove 's' from names
    myset = list(set(new_names)) #remove duplicates
    return myset

def main():
    url = "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39784164"
    text=get_text(url)
    text=u"{}".format(text)
    all_tags = nlp(text)
    names = get_person(all_tags)
    print "names:"
    print names
    decodednames = decode(names)
    mynewlist = cleaning_names(decodednames)
    print mynewlist

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这给了我这个没有错误：

名字：['Nick Clegg', 'Brexit', '\xc2\xa359bn', 'Theresa May', “脱欧”、“脱欧”、“克莱格先生”、“克莱格先生”、“克莱格先生”、“脱欧”、“先生 Clegg', 'Theresa May'] [u'Mr Clegg', u'Brexit', u'Nick Clegg', 你'590亿'，你'特蕾莎梅']