在 Perl 中对 utf8 字符串使用“排序”

Question

我试图弄清楚如何在 Perl 中按字母顺序对数组进行排序。这是我在英语中可以正常工作的内容：

   # List of countries (kept like this to keep clean, as its re-used in other places)
    my $countries = {
        'AT' => "íAustria",
        'AU' => "Australia",
        'BE' => "Belgium",
        'BG' => "Bulgaria",
        'CA' => "Canada",
        'CY' => "Cyprus",
        'CZ' => "Czech Republic",
        'DK' => "Denmark",
        'EN' => "England",
        'EE' => "Estonia",
        'FI' => "Finland",
        'FR' => "France",
        'DE' => "Germany",
        'GB' => "Great Britain",
        'GR' => "Greece",
        'HU' => "Hungary",
        'IE' => "Ireland",
        'IT' => "Italy",
        'LV' => "Latvia",
        'LT' => "Lithuania",
        'LU' => "Luxembourg",
        'MT' => "Malta",
        'NZ' => "New Zealand",
        'NL' => "Netherlands",
        'PL' => "Poland",
        'PT' => "Portugal",
        'RO' => "Romania",
        'SK' => "Slovakia",
        'SI' => "Slovenia",
        'ES' => "Spain",
        'SE' => "Sweden",
        'CH' => "Switzerland",
        'SC' => "Scotland",
        'UK' => "United Kingdom",
        'US' => "USA",
        'TK' => "Turkey",
        'NO' => "Norway",
        'MX' => "Mexico",
        'IL' => "Israel",
        'IN' => "India",
        'IS' => "Iceland",
        'CN' => "China",
        'JP' => "Japan",
        'VN' => "áVietnamí"
    };
   # Populate the original loop with "name" and "code"
    my @country_loop_orig;
    print $IN->header;
    foreach (keys %{$countries}) {
      push @country_loop_orig, {
        name => $countries->{$lang}->{$_},
        code => $_
      }
    }

   # sort it alphabetically
   my @country_loop = sort { lc($a->{name}) cmp lc($b->{name})  } @country_loop_orig;

这适用于英文版本：

Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Scotland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
USA
Vietnam

...但是当您尝试使用 íéó 等 utf8 执行此操作时，它不起作用：

Australia
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Scotland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
USA
áVietnam
íAustria

您是如何做到这一点的？我找到了Sort::Naturally::XS，但无法正常工作。

Answer 1

Unicode::Collate 应该对此有所帮助。

对最后一个列表进行排序的简单示例

use warnings;
use strict;
use feature 'say';

use Unicode::Collate;

use open ":std", ":encoding(UTF-8)";

open my $fh, '<', "country_list.txt";
my @list = <$fh>;
chomp @list;

my $uc  = Unicode::Collate->new();
my @sorted = $uc->sort(@list);

say for @sorted;

但是，在某些语言中，非 ascii 字符可能具有非常特殊的可接受位置，并且该问题未提供 任何 详细信息。那么也许Unicode::Collate::Locale 可以提供帮助。

请参阅（研究）this perl.com article 和 this post (T. Christiansen) 和 this Effective Perler article。

---

如果要排序的数据是复杂的数据结构，cmp方法是单独比较

my @sorted = map { $uc->cmp($a, $b) } @list;

对于$a 和$b，您将从复杂的数据结构中提取需要比较的内容。