引起：java.sql.SQLException：不支持的字符编码'utf8mb4'

【问题标题】：Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf8mb4'引起：java.sql.SQLException：不支持的字符编码'utf8mb4'
【发布时间】：2018-02-18 19:16:21
【问题描述】：

我正在编写一个将大量使用 utf-8 编码的应用程序。 对于服务器，我使用 java servlet，对于 UI，我使用带有 jsp 和 javascript 的 Java Servlet。
所以，在忽略了一段时间的乱码之后，我决定解决 utf-8 编码问题。 在寻找解决方案时，我做了一个过滤器类
我在这里遵循@cosoant 的回答：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/138948/how-to-get-utf-8-working-in-java-webapps 直到“MySQL 数据库和表”（不包括），因为我仍在使用<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" /> 在我的persistence.xml 中进行开发。
后来才明白mysql的utf8不完全是世界上其他的utf 8，于是我把persistence.xml中的characterEncoding改成：<property name="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding" value="utf8mb4" /> 另外，按照这个：https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/mysql-utf8mb4链接我升级了MySqlServer，并添加了：

[客户端] 默认字符集 = utf8mb4

[mysql] 默认字符集 = utf8mb4

[mysqld] 字符集客户端握手 = FALSE 字符集服务器 = utf8mb4 排序服务器 = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

到mysql.cnf。 我通过在终端中输入sudo service mysql restart 重新启动了 mysql，并确保当我进入 mysql 命令行 UI 并输入：SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%'; this：

+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value              |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary             |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_system     | utf8               |
| collation_connection     | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+

是我得到的。
我还将com.mysql.jdbc_5.1.5.jar 切换为mysql-connector-java-5.1.44-bin.jar。

而且，每次我尝试访问数据库时都会收到上述错误。
这是我的堆栈跟踪：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at tests.Test.main(Test.java:38)
Caused by: org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException: Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:271)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:233)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcServicesImpl.configure(JdbcServicesImpl.java:51)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:858)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:885)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistenceProvider.java:58)
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:55)
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:39)
    at utils.HibernateUtil.<clinit>(HibernateUtil.java:9)
    ... 1 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Error calling Driver#connect
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator$1$1.convert(BasicConnectionCreator.java:105)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.convertSqlException(BasicConnectionCreator.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:41)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.createConnection(BasicConnectionCreator.java:58)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.addConnections(PooledConnections.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:20)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections$Builder.build(PooledConnections.java:161)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.buildPool(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.configure(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:72)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:145)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:259)
    ... 15 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf8mb4'.
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:964)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:897)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:886)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:860)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionPropertiesImpl.postInitialization(ConnectionPropertiesImpl.java:2549)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionPropertiesImpl.initializeProperties(ConnectionPropertiesImpl.java:2519)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializeDriverProperties(ConnectionImpl.java:3140)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:763)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.D    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at tests.Test.main(Test.java:38)
Caused by: org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException: Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:271)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:233)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcServicesImpl.configure(JdbcServicesImpl.java:51)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:858)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:885)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistenceProvider.java:58)
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:55)
    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:39)
    at utils.HibernateUtil.<clinit>(HibernateUtil.java:9)
    ... 1 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Error calling Driver#connect
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator$1$1.convert(BasicConnectionCreator.java:105)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.convertSqlException(BasicConnectionCreator.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:41)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.BasicConnectionCreator.createConnection(BasicConnectionCreator.java:58)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.addConnections(PooledConnections.java:123)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections.<init>(PooledConnections.java:20)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.PooledConnections$Builder.build(PooledConnections.java:161)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.buildPool(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.configure(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:72)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:145)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:66)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:259)
    ... 15 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Unsupported character encoding 'utf8mb4'.
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:964)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:897)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:886)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:860)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionPropertiesImpl.postInitialization(ConnectionPropertiesImpl.java:2549)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionPropertiesImpl.initializeProperties(ConnectionPropertiesImpl.java:2519)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.initializeDriverProperties(ConnectionImpl.java:3140)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:763)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:47)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:389)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:330)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:38)
    ... 30 moreelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:389)
    at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:330)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverConnectionCreator.makeConnection(DriverConnectionCreator.java:38)
    ... 30 more

我想我已经到了卡住的地步了。
我会很感激任何帮助。 谢谢！

【问题讨论】：

    标签： mysql utf8mb4


    【解决方案1】：

    就我而言，经过 6 小时的尝试，只有 3 个步骤。

    1. 使用 utf8mb4_unicode_ci 将您的列更改为 utf8mb4。
    2. 使用 utf8mb4_unicode_ci 将表更改为 utf8mb4。
    3. 使用最新的 MySQL 连接器。（最重要的一个。）
    //    compile 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:6.0.3'
mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.27

    就是这样。无需更改数据库编码或整理。无需更改jdbcUrl。无需在Hibernate/Spring配置中添加属性。

    这个 jdbc url 很好。无需添加/更改任何参数。只是为了确保您使用的是 UTF-8 编码。

    jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.10:3306/db_name?characterEncoding=utf8

    而且无需编辑您的 ini/cnf 文件。

    这是从我的数据库加载的消息的屏幕截图。

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案2】：

      接受的答案对我不起作用。
      与此相反，您可以在 Java 中同样从字符串中删除所有不可打印的字符：

      str.replaceAll("\\P{Print}", "");

      【讨论】：

        【解决方案3】：

        在 hibernate xml 配置文件中试试这个：

        <property name="hibernate.connection.CharSet">utf8mb4</property> 
<property name="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">utf8</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">true</property>

        同时对连接url进行如下修改：

        db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_name?useUnicode=true&character_set_server=utf8mb4

        以上改动足以让我从 utf8 升级到 utf8mb4 字符集方案。

        作为旁注，我想澄清一下 UTF8 是字符编码，而 UTF8MB4 是 MySQL 支持的字符集。 UTF8MB4 是 UTF8 的超集。更多信息请参考此链接：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb4.html

        【讨论】：

        • 工作正常！我在连接 url 中发现了一个问题，因为它失败了。
        • 更新连接 URL 解决了我的问题。 "db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_name?characterEncoding=UTF-8&useUnicode=true" 给定答案中的连接 URL 不起作用。
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