我自己的 CA 使用 Apache 颁发的客户端证书

Question

尝试使用来自自签名 CA 的客户端证书使 HTTPS 会话正常工作。连接应检查客户端和服务器端的所有证书是否有效。

我遵循的流程大致如下：

1. 创建证书颁发机构

   openssl genrsa -out CA.key 4096
   openssl req -new -key CA.key -out CA.csr
   openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in CA.csr -out CA.crt -signkey CA.key
   

2. 创建服务器证书

   openssl genrsa -out server.key 4096
   openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
   openssl ca -in server.csr -cert CA.crt -keyfile CA.key -out server.crt
   

3. 创建客户端证书

   openssl genrsa -out client.key 4096
   openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
   openssl ca -in client.csr -cert CA.crt -keyfile CA.key -out client.crt
   

4. 配置 Apache

   <VirtualHost _default_:443>
     SSLEngine on
     SSLCertificateFile "server.crt"
     SSLCertificateKeyFile "server.key"
     SSLCACertificateFile "CA.crt"
     <Directory "/var/www">
         SSLVerifyClient optional
         SSLVerifyDepth 10
         SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +ExportCertData
     </Directory>
   </VirtualHost>  
   

现在我尝试建立一个测试连接：

wget \
    --post-data 'id=1234' \
    --certificate=client.crt \
    --ca-certificate=CA.crt  \
    https://test.example.com:443

wget 的结果输出（一遍又一遍）部分显示：

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... No data received.
Retrying.

检查来自 Apache 的 SSL 错误日志给我以下消息：

[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1606): [client xx.xx.xx.xx] total of 41 bytes in buffer, eos=1
[client xx.xx.xx.xx] Requesting connection re-negotiation
[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1908): OpenSSL: I/O error, 5 bytes expected to read on BIO#80b075190 [mem: 80b0ca003]
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(771): [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Performing full renegotiation: complete handshake protocol (client does support secure renegotiation)
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1892): OpenSSL: Handshake: start
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: SSL renegotiate ciphers
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: SSLv3 write hello request A
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: SSLv3 flush data
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: SSLv3 write hello request C
[info] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Awaiting re-negotiation handshake
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1892): OpenSSL: Handshake: start
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: before accept initialization
[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1908): OpenSSL: I/O error, 5 bytes expected to read on BIO#80b075190 [mem: 80b0ca003]
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1929): OpenSSL: Exit: error in SSLv3 read client hello B
[error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] Re-negotiation handshake failed: Not accepted by client!?
[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1650): [client xx.xx.xx.xx] read from buffered SSL brigade, mode 0, 8192 bytes
[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1725): [client xx.xx.xx.xx] buffered SSL brigade exhausted
[debug] ssl_engine_io.c(1650): [client xx.xx.xx.xx] read from buffered SSL brigade, mode 2, 0 bytes
[info] [client XX:XX:XX:XX::xx] Connection to child 3 established (server register.kiosk.tain.com:443)
[info] Seeding PRNG with 656 bytes of entropy
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1892): OpenSSL: Handshake: start 
[debug] ssl_engine_kernel.c(1900): OpenSSL: Loop: before/accept initialization

运行 openssl 客户端，看看这里有没有什么帮助：

openssl s_client \
    -showcerts \
    -connect test.example.com:443 \
    -cert client.crt \
    -key client.key \
    -CAfile CA.crt

在回复中我看到以下内容：

---
Server certificate
subject=/C=XX/ST=XXXXX/O=XXXX/CN=test.example.com
issuer=/O=XXXX/L=XXXXX/ST=XXXXX/C=SE/CN=XXXX Certificate Authority
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 3846 bytes and written 519 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
Server public key is 4096 bit

“未发送客户端证书 CA 名称”看起来与我的预期不同。我想要客户证书。

我哪里出错了？

Answer 1

谈论“自签名 CA”没有任何意义。您的标题（“自签名客户端 SSL 证书 [...]”）表明您正在谈论自签名客户端证书。你不是：你说的是你自己的 CA 颁发的客户端证书。

您已将SSLVerifyClient 指令放在Directory 部分中，这意味着一旦客户端发出请求尝试访问该目录，就需要重新协商以获取客户端证书。

由于您的配置中没有DocumentRoot 指令，尚不清楚/ 上的请求是否会尝试访问此目录（这可能取决于编译选项，具体取决于它的打包方式，但/var/www 不是'否则默认值）。

将SSLVerifyClient 直接放在您的虚拟主机中至少应该使openssl s_client 看到客户端证书请求。修复 DocumentRoot 可能还不够，因为您需要发出 HTTP 请求来触发重新协商。