Apache + mod_wsgi - Python 不加载已安装的模块

Question

我有一个带有 mod_wsgi 的 Apache 服务器，运行 Python 2.7 脚本。 该脚本使用通过 pip 安装的 python Pillow 模块。

使用python script.py 正常运行脚本可以正常运行，但从 wsgi 运行脚本时 - 会为 PIL 引发 ImportError 异常。

这是来自/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf的Apache配置：

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        WSGIScriptAlias /wsgi/ /home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python/wsgi.py

        <Directory "/home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python">
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

没有安装 virtualenv，这台机器上只安装了一个 Python。

我该怎么做才能让 python 找到它安装的模块？

我已经看到使用 mod_wsgi 的 daemon mode 手动定义 python 路径的解决方案。有没有办法在嵌入式模式下这样做？

编辑： Apache 错误日志：

[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931400 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223] mod_wsgi (pid=48202): Target WSGI script '/home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module., referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931475 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223] mod_wsgi (pid=48202): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python/wsgi.py'., referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931557 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223] Traceback (most recent call last):, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931601 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223]   File "/home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python/wsgi.py", line 9, in <module>, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931687 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223]     import sprites, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931705 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223]   File "/home/nitay/Desktop/WebsitePath/Python/sprites.py", line 1, in <module>, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931767 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223]     from PIL import Image, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html
[Wed Nov 02 16:08:02.931830 2016] [wsgi:error] [pid 48202:tid 140100207392512] [client 192.168.1.179:29223] ImportError: No module named PIL, referer: http://192.168.1.247/index.html

普通 Python 和 WSGI 的 sys.path 和版本：

Normal:
>>> sys.version
'2.7.11+ (default, Apr 17 2016, 14:00:29) \n[GCC 5.3.1 20160413]'
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/home/nitay/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0']

WSGI:
>>> sys.version
2.7.11+ (default, Apr 17 2016, 14:00:29) [GCC 5.3.1 20160413] 
>>> sys.path
['/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib

Answer 1

在我的例子中，模块安装在用户环境中，而不是机器的环境中。 我只是跑：

sudo -H pip3.7 install mako

-H 告诉sudo 将模块安装在机器根目录 vs 运行命令的用户目录中...

这是因为 Apache 无法访问/读取个人用户的文件。

Answer 2

我重新配置了服务器配置，这次正确命名，使用 virtualenv 和 wsgi 的守护程序模式。

这是我最终得到的 apache 配置：

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        WSGIDaemonProcess sprites-toolbox python-path=/home/nitay/Desktop/SpritesToolbox/Python:/home/nitay/Desktop/SpritesToolbox/Python/sprite-toolbox-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
        WSGIProcessGroup sprites-toolbox

        WSGIScriptAlias /wsgi/ /home/nitay/Desktop/SpritesToolbox/Python/wsgi.py


        <Directory "/home/nitay/Desktop/SpritesToolbox/Python">
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

故事的寓意？ “时间很宝贵，明智地浪费它”（不要半途而废的服务器配置）

Answer 3

我对此感到困惑，上面的讨论确实很有帮助。然而，我的解决方案只是在我的 WSGI 程序的开头设置 Python 路径，例如：

def application(environ, start_response):
    import sys
    path = "/usr/local/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/"
    if path not in sys.path: sys.path.append(path)