从 html 文档中的合格 span 标签获取类值和文本

Question

请帮助我了解 preg_match_all 的以下模式

如何更改我的模式以获得所需的输出？

在字符串中搜索类名如“email_”的标签（email_ OR email_p_12 OR email_22 OR email_xx）

获取标签<span class=" xx email_xx xx "> THE EMAIL ADDRESS </span>之间的文本

获取以“email_”开头的类名

这是我的模式：$pattern = '~<span class=\"((.*?)*)*(email_(.*?))?(.*?)\">(.*?)</span>~';

我需要一个这样的数组：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [mail] => labore@et.de
            [class] => email_p_14
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [mail] => esse@cillum.de
            [class] => email_p_22
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [mail] => anim@id.de
            [class] => email_ 
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [mail] => laboris@nisi.de
            [class] => email_
        )

)

文件：

<?php
    
$string = '
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, 
consectetur adipisicing elit, 
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut

    <span class=" red email_p_14">labore@et.de</span>

dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, 
quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea consequat. 
Duis aute irure in reprehenderit in voluptate velit

    <span class="email_p_22">esse@cillum.de</span>

dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, 
sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit

    <span class="blue email_ green">anim@id.de</span>

laborum. Donec elementum ligula.
Quis nostrud exercitation ullamco 

    <span class="blue email_ green black">laboris@nisi.de</span>

aliquip ex ea consequat. 
</p>';


/* Looking for these:

<span class=" red email_p_14">labore@et.de</span>
<span class="email_p_22">esse@cillum.de</span>
<span class="blue email_ green">anim@id.de</span>
<span class="blue email_ green black">laboris@nisi.de</span>

*/


$pattern = '~<span class=\"((.*?)*)*(email_(.*?))?(.*?)\">(.*?)</span>~';

preg_match_all($pattern, $string, $m);

$clean_array = array_filter(array_map('array_filter', $m));

ksort($clean_array);
$output = Array();

foreach($clean_array as $row) {
    foreach($row as $key => $val){
        $output[$key][]=$val;
    }
}
print("<pre>".print_r($output,true)."</pre>");

这是我得到的：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => labore@et.de
            [1] =>  red email_p_14
            [2] => labore@et.de
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => esse@cillum.de
            [1] => email_
            [2] => p_22
            [3] => esse@cillum.de
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => anim@id.de
            [1] => blue email_ green
            [2] => anim@id.de
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => laboris@nisi.de
            [1] => blue email_ green black
            [2] => laboris@nisi.de
        )

)
    

我需要一个这样的数组：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [mail] => labore@et.de
            [class] => email_p_14
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [mail] => esse@cillum.de
            [class] => email_p_22
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [mail] => anim@id.de
            [class] => email_ 
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [mail] => laboris@nisi.de
            [class] => email_
        )

)
*/

Answer 1

对于类值，您使用此模式((.*?)*)*(email_(.*?))?(.*?)，它使用重复捕获组的组合，其中所有实际上都是可选的。

对于您使用(.*?) 的电子邮件地址，它匹配任何非贪婪字符且不匹配电子邮件之类的模式。

您可以使用命名捕获组来获取密钥mail 和class：

<span[^<>]*\bclass="[^"]*(?<class>email_[^\s"]*)[^"]*">\h*(?<mail>[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+)\h*<\/span>

Regex demo | PHP demo

在结果中，去掉数字键：

$re = '`<span[^<>]*\bclass="[^"]*(?<class>email_[^\s"]*)[^"]*">\h*(?<mail>[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+)\h*<\/span>`';
$str = '<span class=" xx email_p_14 xx "> labore@et.de </span>';

preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
print_r(array_filter($matches[0], function ($k) { return !is_numeric($k); }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY));

输出

Array
(
    [class] => email_p_14
    [mail] => labore@et.de
)

---

您还可以查看DOMDocument，找到类名以 email_ 开头的跨度，然后将该跨度的值与电子邮件地址（如模式）匹配。

然后您可以使用键和值构建您的数组。

例如

$str = '<span class=" xx email_p_14 xx "> labore@et.de </span>';
$dom = new DomDocument();
$dom->loadHTML($str, LIBXML_HTML_NOIMPLIED | LIBXML_HTML_NODEFDTD);
$doc = new DOMXPath($dom);

$items = $doc->query("//span[contains(@class, 'email_')]");

foreach ($items as $item) {
    $class = array_filter(explode(' ', $item->getAttribute('class')), function($x) {
        return substr( $x, 0, 6 ) === "email_";
    });
    print_r($class);
    echo $item->nodeValue;
}

输出

Array
(
    [2] => email_p_14
)
 labore@et.de 

PHP demo

Answer 2

使用 DOMDocument 和 XPath 解析 html。一旦您定位了适当的节点，就可以挖掘并提取数据，然后将新的子数组推送到结果中。

代码：(Demo)

$dom = new DOMDocument;
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
$dom->loadHTML($string);
$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);

$result = [];
foreach ($xpath->query("//span[starts-with(@class, 'email_') or contains(@class, ' email_')]") as $span) {
    $result[] = [
         'mail' => $span->nodeValue,
         'class' => preg_replace(
             '~.*\b(email_\S*).*~',
             '$1',
             $span->getAttribute('class')
         )
    ];
}
var_export($result);

输出：

array (
  0 => 
  array (
    'mail' => 'labore@et.de',
    'class' => 'email_p_14',
  ),
  1 => 
  array (
    'mail' => 'esse@cillum.de',
    'class' => 'email_p_22',
  ),
  2 => 
  array (
    'mail' => 'anim@id.de',
    'class' => 'email_',
  ),
  3 => 
  array (
    'mail' => 'laboris@nisi.de',
    'class' => 'email_',
  ),
)