初始化 EC2 实例时永久设置 Windows PowerShell 系统路径

Question

我的目标是run powershell commands on EC2 Windows Server 2016 instance at launch，以便永久设置多个系统路径。

<powershell>
######### SET SYSTEM PATHS #########
# We need to restart the compute in order for the system paths to take effect.
# Source: https://www.quora.com/Why-wont-Python-work-in-PowerShell-for-me

### aws ###
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", $Env:Path + “;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\awscli", "Machine")

### python ###
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", $Env:Path + ";C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36", "Machine")

### pip ###
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", $Env:Path + “;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts", "Machine")
</powershell>

当我们手动运行脚本并确保重新启动 powershell 控制台时，代码运行良好。请注意，路径不一定需要存在才能设置。

但是，在通过 EC2 初始化实例时系统地运行代码时不起作用。添加Restart-Computer 以尝试重新启动我假设在幕后运行的powershell 控制台不起作用。

其他来源：

• I'm trying to use python in powershell
• Setting Windows PowerShell path variable

Answer 1

PowerShell 不是在 Windows 上运行的服务，但它确实具有对 WinRM 的服务依赖性和对 WMI 的组件依赖性。 PowerShell 是一组 .exe，您必须专门启动才能使用它。

1. powershell_ise.exe 用于通过此 UI 编写脚本（仅限 Windows）
2. powershell.exe（仅限 Windows）
3. pwsh.exe（PowerShell 核心、Win、OSX、Linux）

如果您尝试在启动时执行和 .ps1，请使用启动脚本，无论是否使用 GPO。那是使用 PowerShell 作业或 PowerShell 登录脚本。

# Use PowerShell to Create Job that Runs at Startup
# 
# Beginning with Windows PowerShell 3.0, with Windows PowerShell scheduled jobs, it is possible to natively and easily create a Windows PowerShell startup script (and one that does not rely on Group Policy).
# 
# A few steps are required to create a Windows PowerShell script that runs at startup as a Windows PowerShell scheduled job:
# 1. Open the Windows PowerShell console with admin rights.
# 2. Create a new job trigger and specify the type as a startup trigger.
# 3. Specify a short random interval for the startup trigger to prevent race conditions at startup.
# 4. Create the new scheduled job and specify the job trigger and the full path to the startup script.
# 
# 
# https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/heyscriptingguy/2014/05/14/use-powershell-to-create-job-that-runs-at-startup

# Use Startup, Shutdown, Logon, and Logoff Scripts
# You can use Windows PowerShell scripts, or author scripts in any other language supported by the client computer.
# https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753404(v=ws.11).aspx

Answer 2

powershell.exe .\foo.ps1

确保您指定脚本的完整路径，并确保您已将执行策略级别设置为至少“RemoteSigned”，以便可以运行未签名的本地脚本。