我使用哪种方法获取每台计算机的 IP 地址

Question

我们办公室有 50 多台计算机，每台计算机都有来自本地服务提供商的独立 Internet 连接。现在在我们的网站我们想在用户注册的时候获取每台电脑的信息（不知道没有ip有没有其他方法）。

因此，我们通常使用$ip = $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'];，但它为所有计算机/连接显示相同的IP。

在这里 stackoverflow 中，我找到了许多获取真实 ip 的解决方案。但是我很困惑，在我们网站的注册过程中获得each computer ip对我们来说会更好。

方法一：

getenv() is used to get the value of an environment variable in PHP.

// Function to get the client IP address
function get_client_ip() {
$ipaddress = '';
if (getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
    $ipaddress = getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP');
else if(getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'))
    $ipaddress = getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR');
else if(getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED'))
    $ipaddress = getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED');
else if(getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'))
    $ipaddress = getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR');
else if(getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED'))
   $ipaddress = getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED');
else if(getenv('REMOTE_ADDR'))
    $ipaddress = getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');
else
    $ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
return $ipaddress;
}

$_SERVER is an array that contains server variables created by the web server.

// Function to get the client IP address
function get_client_ip() {
$ipaddress = '';
if ($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
else if($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
else if($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
else if($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
else if($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
else if($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])
    $ipaddress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
else
    $ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
return $ipaddress;
}

方法二：

$host= gethostname();
$ip = gethostbyname($host);

方法三：

$ip = getenv('HTTP_CLIENT_IP')?:
getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')?:
getenv('HTTP_X_FORWARDED')?:
getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR')?:
getenv('HTTP_FORWARDED')?:
getenv('REMOTE_ADDR');

方法四：（最高级的方法）

function get_ip_address() {
// check for shared internet/ISP IP
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
}

// check for IPs passing through proxies
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
    // check if multiple ips exist in var
    if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
        $iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
        foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
            if (validate_ip($ip))
                return $ip;
        }
    } else {
        if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    }
}
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
    return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

// return unreliable ip since all else failed
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

/**
 * Ensures an ip address is both a valid IP and does not fall within
 * a private network range.
 */
function validate_ip($ip) {
if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
    return false;

// generate ipv4 network address
$ip = ip2long($ip);

// if the ip is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
    // make sure to get unsigned long representation of ip
    // due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
    // signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
    $ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);
    // do private network range checking
    if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647) return false;
    if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375) return false;
    if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647) return false;
    if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183) return false;
    if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303) return false;
    if ($ip >;= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239) return false;
    if ($ip >;= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055) return false;
    if ($ip >= 4294967040) return false;
}
return true;
}

Answer 1

方法 1-3 几乎做同样的事情。 getenv 和 $_SERVER 与上面提到的 here 几乎相同。

方法 4 更高级一些，它在返回有效 IP 地址之前检查并验证它们。我认为这是最好的，因为它消除了错误的代理返回的错误 IP 地址，如果您期望一个 IP 地址（并​​得到完全不同的东西），这些代理可能会在以后搞砸代码。

我的建议：在其中一台机器上使用phpinfo();，看看你想要获取哪些变量。这些脚本只不过是循环通过已知的替代 http 标头的 ip 地址（例如，如果它们在代理后面。您从 REMOTE_ADDR 获取代理的 ip 地址，但代理说“嘿，我的行为就像代理，这是与我联系的人：HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR")。

Answer 2

通过sql server，你可以从下面的查询中得到ip地址。

SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('ComputerNamePhysicalNetBIOS') [Machine Name]
   ,SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName') AS [Instance Name]
   ,LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS AS [IP Address Of SQL Server]
   ,CLIENT_NET_ADDRESS AS [IP Address Of Client]
 FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS