如何使用 iOS 轻松调整/优化图像大小？

Question

我的应用程序正在从网络下载一组图像文件，并将它们保存到本地 iPhone 磁盘。其中一些图像的尺寸相当大（例如，宽度大于 500 像素）。由于 iPhone 甚至没有足够大的显示屏来显示原始尺寸的图像，因此我计划将图像调整为更小的尺寸以节省空间/性能。

此外，其中一些图像是 JPEG，它们没有保存为通常的 60% 质量设置。

如何使用 iPhone SDK 调整图片大小，如何更改 JPEG 图像的质量设置？

Answer 1

我们提供了一些建议作为对this question 的回答。我曾建议使用this post 中描述的技术，并附上相关代码：

+ (UIImage*)imageWithImage:(UIImage*)image 
               scaledToSize:(CGSize)newSize;
{
   UIGraphicsBeginImageContext( newSize );
   [image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0,0,newSize.width,newSize.height)];
   UIImage* newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
   UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

   return newImage;
}

就图像的存储而言，iPhone 使用最快的图像格式是 PNG，因为它对该格式进行了优化。但是，如果您想将这些图像存储为 JPEG，您可以使用 UIImage 并执行以下操作：

NSData *dataForJPEGFile = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(theImage, 0.6);

这将创建一个 NSData 实例，其中包含 60% 质量设置的 JPEG 图像的原始字节。然后可以将该 NSData 实例的内容写入磁盘或缓存在内存中。

Answer 2

调整图像大小的最简单、最直接的方法就是这样

float actualHeight = image.size.height;
float actualWidth = image.size.width;
float imgRatio = actualWidth/actualHeight;
float maxRatio = 320.0/480.0;

if(imgRatio!=maxRatio){
    if(imgRatio < maxRatio){
        imgRatio = 480.0 / actualHeight;
        actualWidth = imgRatio * actualWidth;
        actualHeight = 480.0;
    }
    else{
        imgRatio = 320.0 / actualWidth;
        actualHeight = imgRatio * actualHeight;
        actualWidth = 320.0;
    }
}
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, actualWidth, actualHeight);
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);
[image drawInRect:rect];
UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

Answer 3

上述方法适用于小图像，但是当您尝试调整非常大的图像时，您将很快耗尽内存并导致应用程序崩溃。一个更好的方法是使用CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex 来调整图像大小，而无需先完全解码。

如果你有想要调整大小的图片的路径，你可以使用这个：

- (void)resizeImageAtPath:(NSString *)imagePath {
    // Create the image source (from path)
    CGImageSourceRef src = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL((__bridge CFURLRef) [NSURL fileURLWithPath:imagePath], NULL);

    // To create image source from UIImage, use this
    // NSData* pngData =  UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
    // CGImageSourceRef src = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((CFDataRef)pngData, NULL);

    // Create thumbnail options
    CFDictionaryRef options = (__bridge CFDictionaryRef) @{
            (id) kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform : @YES,
            (id) kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailFromImageAlways : @YES,
            (id) kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize : @(640)
    };
    // Generate the thumbnail
    CGImageRef thumbnail = CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(src, 0, options); 
    CFRelease(src);
    // Write the thumbnail at path
    CGImageWriteToFile(thumbnail, imagePath);
}

更多详情here.

Answer 4

在不丢失纵横比的情况下缩放图像（即不拉伸图像）的最佳方法是使用此方法：

//to scale images without changing aspect ratio
+ (UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)newSize {

    float width = newSize.width;
    float height = newSize.height;

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(newSize);
    CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height);

    float widthRatio = image.size.width / width;
    float heightRatio = image.size.height / height;
    float divisor = widthRatio > heightRatio ? widthRatio : heightRatio;

    width = image.size.width / divisor;
    height = image.size.height / divisor;

    rect.size.width  = width;
    rect.size.height = height;

    //indent in case of width or height difference
    float offset = (width - height) / 2;
    if (offset > 0) {
        rect.origin.y = offset;
    }
    else {
        rect.origin.x = -offset;
    }

    [image drawInRect: rect];

    UIImage *smallImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    return smallImage;

}

将此方法添加到您的 Utility 类中，以便您可以在整个项目中使用它，并像这样访问它：

xyzImageView.image = [Utility scaleImage:yourUIImage toSize:xyzImageView.frame.size];

此方法在保持纵横比的同时进行缩放。 如果按比例缩小的图像的宽度大于高度（反之亦然），它还会为图像添加缩进。

Answer 5

如果您可以控制服务器，我强烈建议您使用ImageMagik 调整图像服务器端的大小。在手机上下载大图像并调整它们的大小会浪费许多宝贵的资源——带宽、电池和内存。所有这些在手机上都是稀缺的。

Answer 6

我为 Swift 中的图像缩放开发了一个终极解决方案。

您可以使用它来调整图像的大小以填充、方面填充或方面适合指定的大小。

您可以将图像对齐到中心或四个边缘和四个角中的任何一个。

如果原始图像和目标大小的纵横比不相等，您还可以修剪额外的空间。

enum UIImageAlignment {
    case Center, Left, Top, Right, Bottom, TopLeft, BottomRight, BottomLeft, TopRight
}

enum UIImageScaleMode {
    case Fill,
    AspectFill,
    AspectFit(UIImageAlignment)
}

extension UIImage {
    func scaleImage(width width: CGFloat? = nil, height: CGFloat? = nil, scaleMode: UIImageScaleMode = .AspectFit(.Center), trim: Bool = false) -> UIImage {
        let preWidthScale = width.map { $0 / size.width }
        let preHeightScale = height.map { $0 / size.height }
        var widthScale = preWidthScale ?? preHeightScale ?? 1
        var heightScale = preHeightScale ?? widthScale
        switch scaleMode {
        case .AspectFit(_):
            let scale = min(widthScale, heightScale)
            widthScale = scale
            heightScale = scale
        case .AspectFill:
            let scale = max(widthScale, heightScale)
            widthScale = scale
            heightScale = scale
        default:
            break
        }
        let newWidth = size.width * widthScale
        let newHeight = size.height * heightScale
        let canvasWidth = trim ? newWidth : (width ?? newWidth)
        let canvasHeight = trim ? newHeight : (height ?? newHeight)
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(CGSizeMake(canvasWidth, canvasHeight), false, 0)

        var originX: CGFloat = 0
        var originY: CGFloat = 0
        switch scaleMode {
        case .AspectFit(let alignment):
            switch alignment {
            case .Center:
                originX = (canvasWidth - newWidth) / 2
                originY = (canvasHeight - newHeight) / 2
            case .Top:
                originX = (canvasWidth - newWidth) / 2
            case .Left:
                originY = (canvasHeight - newHeight) / 2
            case .Bottom:
                originX = (canvasWidth - newWidth) / 2
                originY = canvasHeight - newHeight
            case .Right:
                originX = canvasWidth - newWidth
                originY = (canvasHeight - newHeight) / 2
            case .TopLeft:
                break
            case .TopRight:
                originX = canvasWidth - newWidth
            case .BottomLeft:
                originY = canvasHeight - newHeight
            case .BottomRight:
                originX = canvasWidth - newWidth
                originY = canvasHeight - newHeight
            }
        default:
            break
        }
        self.drawInRect(CGRectMake(originX, originY, newWidth, newHeight))
        let image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
        return image
    }
}

下面有应用此解决方案的示例。

灰色矩形是目标站点图像将被调整大小。 浅蓝色矩形中的蓝色圆圈是图像（我使用了圆圈，因为它在不保留纵横比的情况下缩放时很容易看到）。 如果您通过trim: true，浅橙色标记将被修剪的区域。

Aspect fit 缩放前后：

aspect fit的另一个例子：

Aspect fit 顶部对齐：

方面填充：

填充：

我在示例中使用了放大，因为它更易于演示，但解决方案也适用于所讨论的缩小。

对于 JPEG 压缩，你应该使用这个：

let compressionQuality: CGFloat = 0.75 // adjust to change JPEG quality
if let data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compressionQuality) {
  // ...
}

您可以使用 Xcode 游乐场查看我的 gist。

Answer 7

对于 Swift 3，以下代码在保持纵横比的情况下缩放图像。您可以在Apple's documentation 中阅读有关 ImageContext 的更多信息：

extension UIImage {
    class func resizeImage(image: UIImage, newHeight: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
        let scale = newHeight / image.size.height
        let newWidth = image.size.width * scale
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSize(width: newWidth, height: newHeight))
        image.draw(in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: newWidth, height: newHeight))
        let newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
        return newImage!
    }
}

要使用它，请调用resizeImage()方法：

UIImage.resizeImage(image: yourImageName, newHeight: yourImageNewHeight)

Answer 8

斯威夫特版

func resizeImage(image: UIImage, newWidth: CGFloat) -> UIImage? {

    let scale = newWidth / image.size.width
    let newHeight = CGFloat(200.0)
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSize(width: newWidth, height: newHeight))
    image.draw(in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: newWidth, height: newHeight))

    let newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext()

    return newImage
}

Answer 9

您可以使用此代码将图像缩放到所需的大小。

+ (UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)newSize
{
    CGSize actSize = image.size;
    float scale = actSize.width/actSize.height;

    if (scale < 1) {
        newSize.height = newSize.width/scale;
    } 
    else {
        newSize.width = newSize.height*scale;
    }

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(newSize);
    [image drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, newSize.width, newSize.height)];
    UIImage* newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    return newImage;
}

Answer 10

在这里添加大量答案，但我已经寻求一种根据文件大小而不是尺寸调整大小的解决方案。

这将减少图像的尺寸和质量，直到达到您的给定尺寸。

func compressTo(toSizeInMB size: Double) -> UIImage? {
    let bytes = size * 1024 * 1024
    let sizeInBytes = Int(bytes)
    var needCompress:Bool = true
    var imgData:Data?
    var compressingValue:CGFloat = 1.0

    while (needCompress) {

        if let resizedImage = scaleImage(byMultiplicationFactorOf: compressingValue), let data: Data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resizedImage, compressingValue) {

            if data.count < sizeInBytes || compressingValue < 0.1 {
                needCompress = false
                imgData = data
            } else {
                compressingValue -= 0.1
            }
        }
    }

    if let data = imgData {
        print("Finished with compression value of: \(compressingValue)")
        return UIImage(data: data)
    }
    return nil
}

private func scaleImage(byMultiplicationFactorOf factor: CGFloat) -> UIImage? {
    let size = CGSize(width: self.size.width*factor, height: self.size.height*factor)
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size)
    draw(in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: size.width, height: size.height))
    if let newImage: UIImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext() {
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
        return newImage;
    }
    return nil
}

感谢scaling by size answer

Answer 11

根据本次会议iOS Memory Deep Dive，我们最好使用ImageIO 来缩小图像。

使用UIImage 缩小图像的坏处。

• 将原图解压到内存中
• 内部坐标空间变换代价高昂

使用ImageIO

• ImageIO 可以在不污染内存的情况下读取图像大小和元数据信息。

• ImageIO 可以仅以调整图像大小为代价来调整图像大小。

关于内存中的图像

• 内存使用与图像尺寸有关，与文件大小无关。
• UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions 始终使用 SRGB 渲染格式，每个像素使用 4 个字节。
• 一张图片有load -> decode -> render 3 个阶段。
• UIImage 调整大小和调整大小的成本很高

对于下图，如果使用UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions 我们只需要 590KB 来加载图像，而我们需要 2048 pixels x 1536 pixels x 4 bytes per pixel = 10MB 解码时

而在 iOS 10 中引入的 UIGraphicsImageRenderer 将自动选择 iOS12 中的最佳图形格式。这意味着，如果您不需要 SRGB，则可以通过将 UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions 替换为 UIGraphicsImageRenderer 来节省 75% 的内存。

这是我关于iOS images in memory的文章

func resize(url: NSURL?, maxPixelSize: Int) -> CGImage? {
    guard let url = url else {
      return nil;
    }
  
    let imgSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL(url, nil)
    guard let imageSource = imgSource else {
        return nil
    }

    var scaledImage: CGImage?
    let options: [NSString: Any] = [
            // The maximum width and height in pixels of a thumbnail.
            kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize: maxPixelSize,
            kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailFromImageAlways: true,
            // Should include kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform: true in the options dictionary. Otherwise, the image result will appear rotated when an image is taken from camera in the portrait orientation.
            kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform: true
    ]
    scaledImage = CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(imageSource, 0, options as CFDictionary)

    return scaledImage
}



DispatchQueue.global().async {
  let image: CGImage? = resize(url: NSURL.init(string: "https://i.stack.imgur.com/rPcHQ.jpg"), maxPixelSize: 600)
  DispatchQueue.main.async {
    let imageView = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0 ,width: 30, height: 30))
    
    if let cgimage = image {
      imageView.image = UIImage(cgImage: cgimage);
      
    }
  }
}

或

// Downsampling large images for display at smaller size
func downsample(imageAt imageURL: URL, to pointSize: CGSize, scale: CGFloat) -> UIImage {
    let imageSourceOptions = [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary
    let imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL(imageURL as CFURL, imageSourceOptions)!
    let maxDimensionInPixels = max(pointSize.width, pointSize.height) * scale
    let downsampleOptions =
        [kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailFromImageAlways: true,
        kCGImageSourceShouldCacheImmediately: true,
        // Should include kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform: true in the options dictionary. Otherwise, the image result will appear rotated when an image is taken from camera in the portrait orientation.
        kCGImageSourceCreateThumbnailWithTransform: true,
        kCGImageSourceThumbnailMaxPixelSize: maxDimensionInPixels] as CFDictionary
    let downsampledImage =
        CGImageSourceCreateThumbnailAtIndex(imageSource, 0, downsampleOptions)!
    return UIImage(cgImage: downsampledImage)
}

Answer 12

Retina 显示器上可能出现的一个问题是图像的比例是由 ImageCapture 左右设置的。上面的调整大小功能不会改变这一点。在这些情况下，调整大小将无法正常工作。

在下面的代码中，比例设置为 1（未缩放）并且返回的图像具有您期望的大小。这是在UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions 调用中完成的。

-(UIImage *)resizeImage :(UIImage *)theImage :(CGSize)theNewSize {
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(theNewSize, NO, 1.0);
    [theImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, theNewSize.width, theNewSize.height)];
    UIImage *newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
    return newImage;
}

Answer 13

我最终使用 Brads 技术在 UIImage+Extensions 中创建了一个 scaleToFitWidth 方法，如果这对任何人都有用...

-(UIImage *)scaleToFitWidth:(CGFloat)width
{
    CGFloat ratio = width / self.size.width;
    CGFloat height = self.size.height * ratio;

    NSLog(@"W:%f H:%f",width,height);

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSizeMake(width, height));
    [self drawInRect:CGRectMake(0.0f,0.0f,width,height)];
    UIImage *newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    return newImage;
}

然后在任何你喜欢的地方

#import "UIImage+Extensions.h"

UIImage *newImage = [image scaleToFitWidth:100.0f];

另外值得注意的是，如果您想从 UIView 渲染图像，您可以将其进一步向下移动到 UIView+Extensions 类中

Answer 14

我只是想为 Cocoa Swift 程序员回答这个问题。此函数返回具有新大小的 NSImage。您可以像这样使用该功能。

        let sizeChangedImage = changeImageSize(image, ratio: 2)






 // changes image size

    func changeImageSize (image: NSImage, ratio: CGFloat) -> NSImage   {

    // getting the current image size
    let w = image.size.width
    let h = image.size.height

    // calculating new size
    let w_new = w / ratio 
    let h_new = h / ratio 

    // creating size constant
    let newSize = CGSizeMake(w_new ,h_new)

    //creating rect
    let rect  = NSMakeRect(0, 0, w_new, h_new)

    // creating a image context with new size
    let newImage = NSImage.init(size:newSize)



    newImage.lockFocus()

        // drawing image with new size in context
        image.drawInRect(rect)

    newImage.unlockFocus()


    return newImage

}

Answer 15

如果您的图片在文档目录中，请添加此 URL 扩展名：

extension URL {
    func compressedImageURL(quality: CGFloat = 0.3) throws -> URL? {
        let imageData = try Data(contentsOf: self)
        debugPrint("Image file size before compression: \(imageData.count) bytes")

        let compressedURL = NSURL.fileURL(withPath: NSTemporaryDirectory() + NSUUID().uuidString + ".jpg")

        guard let actualImage = UIImage(data: imageData) else { return nil }
        guard let compressedImageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(actualImage, quality) else {
            return nil
        }
        debugPrint("Image file size after compression: \(compressedImageData.count) bytes")

        do {
            try compressedImageData.write(to: compressedURL)
            return compressedURL
        } catch {
            return nil
        }
    }
}

用法：

guard let localImageURL = URL(string: "< LocalImagePath.jpg >") else {
    return
}

//Here you will get URL of compressed image
guard let compressedImageURL = try localImageURL.compressedImageURL() else {
    return
}

debugPrint("compressedImageURL: \(compressedImageURL.absoluteString)")

注意：- 将 更改为您的本地 jpg 图像路径。

Answer 16

如果有人还在寻找更好的选择

-(UIImage *)scaleImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)targetSize {


    UIImage *sourceImage = image;
    UIImage *newImage = nil;

    CGSize imageSize = sourceImage.size;
    CGFloat width = imageSize.width;
    CGFloat height = imageSize.height;

    CGFloat targetWidth = targetSize.width;
    CGFloat targetHeight = targetSize.height;

    CGFloat scaleFactor = 0.0;
    CGFloat scaledWidth = targetWidth;
    CGFloat scaledHeight = targetHeight;

    CGPoint thumbnailPoint = CGPointMake(0.0,0.0);

    if (CGSizeEqualToSize(imageSize, targetSize) == NO) {

        CGFloat widthFactor = targetWidth / width;
        CGFloat heightFactor = targetHeight / height;

        if (widthFactor < heightFactor)
            scaleFactor = widthFactor;
        else
            scaleFactor = heightFactor;

        scaledWidth  = width * scaleFactor;
        scaledHeight = height * scaleFactor;

        // center the image


        if (widthFactor < heightFactor) {
            thumbnailPoint.y = (targetHeight - scaledHeight) * 0.5;
        } else if (widthFactor > heightFactor) {
            thumbnailPoint.x = (targetWidth - scaledWidth) * 0.5;
        }
    }


    // this is actually the interesting part:

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(targetSize);

    CGRect thumbnailRect = CGRectZero;
    thumbnailRect.origin = thumbnailPoint;
    thumbnailRect.size.width  = scaledWidth;
    thumbnailRect.size.height = scaledHeight;

    [sourceImage drawInRect:thumbnailRect];

    newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    if(newImage == nil) NSLog(@"could not scale image");


    return newImage ;

}

Answer 17

- (UIImage *)resizeImage:(UIImage*)image newSize:(CGSize)newSize {
    CGRect newRect = CGRectIntegral(CGRectMake(0, 0, newSize.width, newSize.height));
    CGImageRef imageRef = image.CGImage;

    UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(newSize, NO, 0);
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

    CGContextSetInterpolationQuality(context, kCGInterpolationHigh);
    CGAffineTransform flipVertical = CGAffineTransformMake(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, newSize.height);

    CGContextConcatCTM(context, flipVertical);
    CGContextDrawImage(context, newRect, imageRef);

    CGImageRef newImageRef = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
    UIImage *newImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:newImageRef];

    CGImageRelease(newImageRef);
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    return newImage;
}

Answer 18

要调整图像大小，我使用此函数代替 DrawInRect 可以获得更好的（图形）结果：

- (UIImage*) reduceImageSize:(UIImage*) pImage newwidth:(float) pWidth
{
    float lScale = pWidth / pImage.size.width;
    CGImageRef cgImage = pImage.CGImage;
    UIImage   *lResult = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgImage scale:lScale
                            orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
    return lResult;
}

自动处理纵横比