Perl 和 Xpath：考虑层次结构

Question

考虑到层次结构，我想提取 XML 的属性值：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<database>
  <row1s>
   <row1 name="fox" category="mammal">
       <row2s>
         <row2 type="1"/>
         <row2 type="2"/>
       </row2s>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="horse" category="mammal">
       <row2s>
         <row2 type="3"/>
       </row2s>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="bee" category="insect"> 
       <row2s/>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="wasp" category="insect">
       <row2s/>
   </row1>
  </row1s>
</database>

这是我提取值的 Perl 代码：

use strict;
use DBI;
use XML::XPath;
use XML::XPath::XMLParser;

my $xrow1;
my $xrow2;

my $xp = XML::XPath->new (filename => "animals3.xml");

my $node_list1 = $xp->find ("//row1s/row1");

foreach my $row1 ($node_list1->get_nodelist ())  {
    $xrow1 = $row1->getAttribute("name");
    print "Level row1 gives: $xrow1\n";

    my $node_list2 = $xp->find ("//row2s/row2");

    foreach my $row2 ($node_list2->get_nodelist ()) {
    $xrow2 = $row2->getAttribute("type");    
    print "Level row2 gives: $xrow2\n";
    }
}

我得到的是：

Level row1 gives: fox   
Level row2 gives: 1   
Level row2 gives: 2   
Level row2 gives: 3   
Level row1 gives: horse   
Level row2 gives: 1   
Level row2 gives: 2   
Level row2 gives: 3   
Level row1 gives: bee   
Level row2 gives: 1   
Level row2 gives: 2   
Level row2 gives: 3   
Level row1 gives: wasp   
Level row2 gives: 1   
Level row2 gives: 2   
Level row2 gives: 3   

对于每个级别 1，我从级别 2 获取所有属性值。这不是我想要的。我想只输出通讯员级别 1 的级别 2 条目。但我想要的是：

Level row1 gives: fox   
Level row2 gives: 1   
Level row2 gives: 2   
Level row1 gives: horse   
Level row2 gives: 3   
Level row1 gives: bee   
Level row1 gives: wasp   

我将不胜感激任何提示如何解决这个问题。

谢谢。

Answer 1

前导/ 表示绝对路径。

my $node2 = $xp->find("//row2s/row2");

应该是

my $node2 = $xp->find("row2s/row2", $row1);

---

评论：

• $node1 和 $node2 都不是节点。选择更好的名字。

• 在你所做的地方声明你的变量部分违背了声明它们的目的。它们应该在适当的循环中声明。

Answer 2

以下修复并简化了您的脚本：

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::XPath;
use XML::XPath::XMLParser;

#my $xp = XML::XPath->new( filename => "animals3.xml" );
my $xp = XML::XPath->new( ioref => \*DATA );

for my $row1 ( $xp->findnodes('//row1s/row1') ){
    printf "Level row1 gives: %s\n", $row1->getAttribute("name");

    for my $row2 ( $row1->findnodes('.//row2s/row2') ) {
        printf "Level row2 gives: %s\n", $row2->getAttribute("type");
    }
}

__DATA__
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<database>
  <row1s>
   <row1 name="fox" category="mammal">
       <row2s>
         <row2 type="1"/>
         <row2 type="2"/>
       </row2s>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="horse" category="mammal">
       <row2s>
         <row2 type="3"/>
       </row2s>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="bee" category="insect"> 
       <row2s/>
   </row1>
   <row1 name="wasp" category="insect">
       <row2s/>
   </row1>
  </row1s>
</database>

输出：

Level row1 gives: fox
Level row2 gives: 1
Level row2 gives: 2
Level row1 gives: horse
Level row2 gives: 3
Level row1 gives: bee
Level row1 gives: wasp