【发布时间】：2014-12-12 23:14:03
【问题描述】：
我有一个程序，我在其中读取数据，并将它们存储在 1d 和 2d 数组中，然后将它们传递给函数进行分析。我在声明/使用二维数组并将它们传递给函数时遇到问题。
问题： 1）如果我使用 malloc 声明二维数组，那么当我尝试在其中存储数据时，我会在第一行的第二列出现分段错误。但是如果我将其声明为 array[][]
它将正常工作2）我不能将它传递给函数，以使用它。论坛上有不同的选项，尝试过，但最终都出现错误，说明声明的参数类型和我传递的变量没有相同的数据类型。
完整程序如下：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
// Function declaration
void clearNewLines(void);
int match(int numStates, int numAlphabets, char *nameOfStates, char *nameOfAlphabets, char finalState,char *transitionTable, int stringLength,char *string);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
// Number of states and number of alphabets of DFA
int numStates;
int numAlphabets;
// Language string
char *string;
int stringLength;
// Final state
char finalState;
// Read numStates
printf("Enter the number of STATES:");
scanf("%d",&numStates);
// Flush STDIN
clearNewLines();
// Array for name of alphabets, and name of states
char *nameOfStates = malloc(numStates*sizeof(char));
// Read the nameOfStates
int i;
for(i=0;i<numStates;i++){
if(i==0)
printf("Enter name of states as numbers(1-9)\n");
printf("Name of STATES:");
scanf("%c",&nameOfStates[i]);
clearNewLines();
//fgets(nameOfStates[i],2,stdin);
//fgets(nameOfStates[i],2*sizeof(char),stdin);
}// End of for-loop to read nameOfStates
// Read numAlphabets
printf("Enter the number of ALPHABETS: ");
scanf("%d", &numAlphabets);
// Flush STDIN
clearNewLines();
// Array for name of alphabets, and name of states
//char nameOfAlphabets[numAlphabets];
char *nameOfAlphabets = malloc(numAlphabets * sizeof(char));
// Saving transition table
//char **transitionTable = malloc(sizeof(char*) * numStates * numAlphabets);
char transitionTable[numStates][numAlphabets];
// Read name of alphabets
int j;
for(j=0;j<numAlphabets;j++){
// Read the alphabets
printf("Name of ALPHABETS:");
scanf("%c",&nameOfAlphabets[j]);
// Flush STDIN
clearNewLines();
}// End for-loop to read alphabets
// Get the transitionTable[states][alphabets]
int row;
for(row=0;row<numStates;row++){
int col;
for(col=0;col<numAlphabets;col++){
printf("Enter Transition From q%c to %c: ",nameOfStates[row],nameOfAlphabets[col]);
scanf("%c",&transitionTable[row][col]);
clearNewLines();
}
}// End of (outer) for-loop to store data in transition table
// Get final state
printf("Enter final state: ");
scanf("%c",&finalState);
clearNewLines();
// Get language string
printf("Enter the length of string: ");
scanf("%d",&stringLength);
clearNewLines();
string = malloc(stringLength*sizeof(char));
printf("Enter string: ");
scanf("%s",string);
clearNewLines();
int result = match(numStates, numAlphabets, nameOfStates, nameOfAlphabets, finalState, (char*)transitionTable, stringLength, string);
return result;
}// End of main function
/*
*
* match - check if a string matches a language
*/
int match(int numStates, int numAlphabets, char *nameOfStates, char *nameOfAlphabets, char finalState,char *transitionTable, int stringLength,char *string){
char state; // State of the machine
char stringChar;// Character of string being processed
int result; // Result of the character processing
result = 0;
int i = 0;
// initial state
state = nameOfStates[0];
stringChar = string[i];
// Walk through the string, while doing the transition
while(i < stringLength){
int row;
for(row=0;row<numStates;row++){
if(state == nameOfStates[i]){
break;
}
}// End of for-loop to find the state
int col;
for(col=0;col<numAlphabets;numAlphabets++){
if(stringChar == nameOfAlphabets[col]){
break;
}
}// End of for-loop to find the alphabet
state = transitionTable[row][col];
// Next character
i++;
stringChar = string[i];
}// End of while-loop to go thorough the string characters of the language
// If in final state, then accepted, if not then rejected
if(state == finalState){
result = 1;
}else{
result = 0;
}
return result;
}// End of match function
/*
*
* clearNewLines - clear any newline character present at the STDIN
*/
void clearNewLines(void)
{
int c;
do
{
c = getchar();
} while (c != '\n' && c != EOF);
}
编辑：我根据建议（函数（array[first][second]）更改了程序。现在它确实通过了函数但数组为空。
【问题讨论】：
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请注意，字符串在 C 中是空终止的，您需要为空终止字符分配空间。
标签： c arrays arguments function-pointers multidimensional-array