Django将年份转换为完整日期

Question

在我的书应用程序中，我在模型中有一个日期字段，但作为 REST 请求的输入，有时我得到的只是一年，甚至是完整的日期，但它是一个字符串格式。我想首先创建一个手动表单来添加我不知道确切出版日期的书籍，尽管一年。

所以我想要做的是在只有一年的情况下添加“01/01”并转换为日期 ".strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%d").date()"。但这不起作用，日期字段默认验证器阻止我传递除“yyyy-mm-dd”格式输入之外的任何内容。我可以以某种方式覆盖默认的验证或停止通过表单启动它吗？有什么建议可以解决这个问题吗？

型号：

class Book(models.Model):

title = models.CharField(max_length=100)           
publication_date = models.DateField()   
authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author", related_name="author")
ISBN = ISBNField() #validators=[book_unique_validator,]
pages = models.IntegerField(validators=[page_validator,], blank=True)
language = models.CharField(max_length=4)

def __str__(self):
    return self.title

观看次数：

class BookAddView(FormView):
    model = Book
    template_name = "Books/create_book.html"    
    form_class = BookForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy("book_list")

    def form_valid(self, form):    
        if Book.objects.filter(ISBN=form.cleaned_data["ISBN"]).count() > 0:
            messages.warning(self.request, f'Book "{form.cleaned_data["ISBN"]}" already exist in database.')
            return redirect("book_details", pk=Book.objects.get(ISBN=form.cleaned_data["ISBN"]).pk)
        else:
            if len(publication_date=form.cleaned_data['publication_date']) == 4:
                book_date = (form.cleaned_data['publication_date'] + "01/01").strptime(s, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
            else:
                book_date = publication_date=form.cleaned_data['publication_date']
        new_book = Book(
                    title=form.cleaned_data["title"].lower(),                    
                    publication_date=book_date,
                    ISBN=form.cleaned_data["ISBN"],
                    pages=form.cleaned_data["pages"],
                    language=form.cleaned_data["language"]
                )
            authors = Author.objects.filter(pk__in=form.cleaned_data["authors"])
            new_book.save()
            for author in authors:
                new_book.authors.add(author)
            new_book.save()
            pk = new_book.pk
            return redirect("covers_add", pk=pk)

表格：

class BookForm(forms.ModelForm):
    title = forms.CharField()
    publication_date = forms.CharField()
    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(Author.objects.all())
    ISBN = ISBNField()
    pages = forms.IntegerField()
    language = forms.CharField()

    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ["title", "publication_date", "authors", "ISBN", "pages", "language"]

Answer 1

当只提供年份时，您可以将year、month 和day 传递给datetime.datetime 类。

import datetime

if len(publication_date=form.cleaned_data['publication_date']) == 4:
    book_date = datetime.datetime(int(form.cleaned_data['publication_date']), month=1, day=1).date()

datetime.datetime(int(form.cleaned_data['publication_date']), month=1, day=1) 将返回一个 datetime.datetime 对象。所以你可以很容易地从中得到date()。

进一步阅读datetime Objects