Pygal 在 Jupyter Notebooks 中渲染 SVG答案

【问题标题】：Pygal render SVG in Jupyter NotebooksPygal 在 Jupyter Notebooks 中渲染 SVG
【发布时间】：2017-09-22 07:13:42
【问题描述】：

我目前正在使用 Jupyter Notebooks，我想通过 HTML 呈现 SVG，而不是将它们保存为本地 SVG 并在之后显示它们。

我正在使用此代码：

%matplotlib inline
from IPython.display import SVG, HTML
html_pygal = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://kozea.github.com/pygal.js/javascripts/svg.jquery.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="http://kozea.github.com/pygal.js/javascripts/pygal-tooltips.js"></script>
    <!-- ... -->
  </head>
  <body>
    <figure>
      {pygal_render}
    </figure>
  </body>
</html>
"""

import pygal
line_chart = pygal.Line()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])
HTML(html_pygal.format(pygal_render=line_chart.render()))

问题出在：当 Jupyter 设法渲染 SVG 文件时，它也会显示如下所示的 Javascript 错误：

b'\n

*SVG 图片来了

' 添加输出的 Javascript 错误！语法错误：非法字符有关详细信息，请参阅您的浏览器 Javascript 控制台。

检查浏览器控制台时，这是错误消息：

loaded custom.js  2017-04-20_analytics.ipynb:121:15
Default extension for cell metadata editing loaded.  main.min.js:24261:9
Raw Cell Format toolbar preset loaded.  main.min.js:24347:5
Slideshow extension for metadata editing loaded.  main.min.js:24395:9
actions jupyter-notebook:find-and-replace does not exist, still binding it in case it will be defined later...  main.min.js:29204:17
load_extensions Arguments { 0: "jupyter-js-widgets/extension", 2 weitere… }  main.min.js:12231:9
Session: kernel_created (b51341fe-f4d8-42be-a9b8-46ac47476a99)  main.min.js:23547:13
Starting WebSockets: ws://localhost:8888/api/kernels/1852f19e-52f2-4ce2-91d8-f6276ea95b40  main.min.js:22833:9
Loading extension: jupyter-js-widgets/extension  main.min.js:12208:21
Kernel: kernel_connected (1852f19e-52f2-4ce2-91d8-f6276ea95b40)  main.min.js:22480:13
Kernel: kernel_ready (1852f19e-52f2-4ce2-91d8-f6276ea95b40)  main.min.js:22480:13
loaded widgets  extension.js:134:14
Widget backend and frontend versions are compatible  extension.js:32280:22
SyntaxError: illegal character
Stack-Trace:
globalEval@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:87:4231
domManip@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:88:21389
append@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:88:18980
OutputArea.prototype._safe_append@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20345:13
OutputArea.prototype.append_execute_result@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20372:9
OutputArea.prototype.append_output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20218:17
OutputArea.prototype.handle_output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20165:9
output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:21820:21
Kernel.prototype._handle_output_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23440:13
i@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:87:5486
Kernel.prototype._handle_iopub_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23467:20
Kernel.prototype._finish_ws_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23304:24
Kernel.prototype._handle_ws_message/this._msg_queue<@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23295:39
  main.min.js:20347:13
SyntaxError: illegal character
Stack-Trace:
globalEval@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:87:4231
domManip@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:88:21389
append@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:88:18980
OutputArea.prototype._safe_append@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20345:13
OutputArea.prototype.append_execute_result@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20372:9
OutputArea.prototype.append_output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20218:17
OutputArea.prototype.handle_output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:20165:9
output@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:21820:21
Kernel.prototype._handle_output_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23440:13
i@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:87:5486
Kernel.prototype._handle_iopub_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23467:20
Kernel.prototype._finish_ws_message@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23304:24
Kernel.prototype._handle_ws_message/this._msg_queue<@http://localhost:8888/static/notebook/js/main.min.js?v=edbc43d9bb99b1be2585a121ed720314:23295:39

我的 Python 版本： 3.6.0 操作系统：Windows 7 64 位 Pygal 版本：2.3.1

注意：我当前有效但不是我正在寻找的解决方案的解决方法是创建一个本地 SVG，然后使用库导入显示它：from IPython.display import display

【问题讨论】：

为了更清楚一点：它在 Jupyter Notebooks 中显示 SVG，但我想摆脱 javascript 错误消息以进行演示。

标签： javascript svg jupyter-notebook jupyter pygal

【解决方案1】：

所有答案都显示了小部件，但没有工具提示，我找到了包含它们的方法（我从他们的网站“借用”它）：

import pygal
from ipywidgets import HTML
import base64

line_chart = pygal.Line()
line_chart.title = 'Browser usage evolution (in %)'
line_chart.x_labels = map(str, range(2002, 2013))
line_chart.add('Firefox', [None, None,    0, 16.6,   25,   31, 36.4, 45.5, 46.3, 42.8, 37.1])
line_chart.add('Chrome',  [None, None, None, None, None, None,    0,  3.9, 10.8, 23.8, 35.3])
line_chart.add('IE',      [85.8, 84.6, 84.7, 74.5,   66, 58.6, 54.7, 44.8, 36.2, 26.6, 20.1])
line_chart.add('Others',  [14.2, 15.4, 15.3,  8.9,    9, 10.4,  8.9,  5.8,  6.7,  6.8,  7.5])

b64 = base64.b64encode(line_chart.render())
src = 'data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8;base64,'+b64
HTML('<embed src={}></embed>'.format(src))

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我的解决方案：

import pygal
from IPython.display import SVG, display

bar_chart = pygal.Bar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
display(SVG(bar_chart.render(disable_xml_declaration=True)))

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

更好：

bar_chart = pygal.Bar()
bar_chart.add('Fibonacci', [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55])
display({'image/svg+xml': bar_chart.render()}, raw=True)

【讨论】：

当我使用你的例子时没有任何显示。没有错误，只是没有渲染。我可能缺少什么？

【解决方案4】：

尝试在渲染中使用“is_unicode=True”，如下所示：

HTML(html_pygal.format(pygal_render=line_chart.render(is_unicode=True)))

【讨论】：