如何编写通用 django 视图，其中一个 ListView 或 DetailView 可用于多个模型

Question

如何编写可用于多种模型的 url 和视图？

假设我的 models.py 中有 3 个模型 型号名称 : Bike, Scooty, Mobile

现在我们需要通用视图的 Bike 模型：

1]5 views : ListView, DetailView, CreateView, UpdateView, DeleteView
2]5 urls : one for each 5 views we need 1 url
3]4 html files are required : 
    bike_list.html : for ListView
    bike_detail.html : for DetailView
    bike_form.html : for CreateView and UpdateView
    conifirm_delete_view.html : for DeleteView

现在我们需要用于通用视图的 Scooty 模型：

1]again 5 views : ListView, DetailView, CreateView, UpdateView, DeleteView
2]again 5 urls : one for each 5 views we need 1 url
3]4 html files are required : 
    scooty_list.html : for ListView
    scooty_detail.html : for DetailView
    scooty_form.html : for CreateView and UpdateView
    conifirm_delete_view.html : for DeleteView

对于另一个模型，我需要：5 个视图、5 个 URL、4 个 html 文件。

但是，如果您编写通用视图并在 URL 中传递模型的名称，则它的自身并在视图中抓取它并将其传递给通用视图。

所以相同的 5 个视图、5 个 url 和 4 个 html 文件可以用于许多模型。

Answer 1

GitHub 仓库中的完整代码

https://github.com/punisher21maximum/Blog/tree/master/Minimise_Django_Code

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import (
    #subcat Views
    SubcatListView,
    SubcatDetailView,
    SubcatCreateView,
    SubcatUpdateView,
    SubcatDeleteView,
)
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    #subcat
    path('<str:model>/new/', SubcatCreateView.as_view(), name='subcat-create'),
    path('<str:model>/', SubcatListView.as_view(), name='subcat-list'), 
    path('<str:model>/<int:pk>/', SubcatDetailView.as_view(), name='subcat-detail'), 
    path('<str:model>/<int:pk>/update/', SubcatUpdateView.as_view(), name='subcat-update'),
    path('<str:model>/<int:pk>/delete/', SubcatDeleteView.as_view(), name='subcat-delete'),

]

views.py

from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from .models import Post, Bike, Scooty, Bicycle, Mobile
model_dict = {
    "Post":Post, 
    "Bike":Bike, 
    "Scooty":Scooty, 
    "Bicycle":Bicycle, 
    "Mobile":Mobile
    }

#get my fields
def my_get_model_fields(model):
    all_f = [field.name for field in model._meta.get_fields()] 
    rf = ['id', 'date_posted']
    all_f.remove('author')
    for f in all_f: 
        if f in rf or f.endswith('_ptr'):
            all_f.remove(f)
    return all_f

"""subcat view"""
#ListView
class SubcatListView(ListView):

    template_name = 'blog/subcat_list.html'  # <app>/<model>_<viewtype>.html
    context_object_name = 'posts'
    ordering = ['-date_posted']
    paginate_by = 3

    """overriding "dispatch" func to set model passed as arg in URL"""
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.model = model_dict[ kwargs.get('model', None) ]
        return super(SubcatListView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    """ "get_queryset" also Required to override model name """
    def get_queryset(self):
        return self.model.objects.filter()

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        """override "get_context_data" to pass model_name to subcat_list.html"""
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['class_name'] = self.model._meta.model_name.title() # kwargs.get('model', None) 
        return context

#DetailView
class SubcatDetailView(DetailView):
    """overriding "dispatch" func to set model passed as arg in URL"""

    # template_name = <app>/<model>_<viewtype>.html
    context_object_name = 'post'
    template_name = 'blog/subcat_detail.html'

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.model = model_dict[ kwargs.get('model', None) ]
        return super(SubcatDetailView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_queryset(self):
        return self.model.objects.filter()

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        """override "get_context_data" to pass model_name to subcat_list.html"""
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['class_name'] = self.model._meta.model_name.title() # kwargs.get('model', None) 
        return context

#CreateView
class SubcatCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    # model = Bike
    
    # fields = my_get_model_fields(Bike)
    template_name = 'blog/subcat_form.html'

    def form_valid(self, form):
        """check form author and current logged in user is same"""
        form.instance.author = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """overriding "dispatch" func to set model passed as arg in URL"""
        self.model = model_dict[ kwargs.get('model', None) ]
        return super(SubcatCreateView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_form_class(self):
        """overriding "get_form_class" func to get fields for model passed in URL"""
        self.fields = my_get_model_fields(model_dict[self.model._meta.model_name.title()])
        return super(SubcatCreateView, self).get_form_class()

#UpdateView
class SubcatUpdateView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, UpdateView):

    template_name = 'blog/subcat_form.html'

    def form_valid(self, form):
        form.instance.author = self.request.user
        return super().form_valid(form)

    def test_func(self):
        post = self.get_object()
        if self.request.user == post.author:
            return True
        return False

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """overriding "dispatch" func to set model passed as arg in URL"""
        self.model = model_dict[ kwargs.get('model', None) ]
        return super(SubcatUpdateView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get_form_class(self):
        """overriding "get_form_class" func to get fields for model passed in URL"""
        self.fields = my_get_model_fields(model_dict[self.model._meta.model_name.title()])
        return super(SubcatUpdateView, self).get_form_class()

#DeleteView
class SubcatDeleteView(LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin, DeleteView):

    template_name = 'blog/post_confirm_delete.html'

    def test_func(self):
        post = self.get_object()
        if self.request.user == post.author:
            return True
        return False

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):#model
        """overriding "dispatch" func to set model passed as arg in URL"""
        self.model = model_dict[ kwargs.get('model', None) ]
        return super(SubcatDeleteView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)   

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):#class_name
        """override "get_context_data" to pass model_name to subcat_list.html"""
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['class_name'] = self.model._meta.model_name.title() # kwargs.get('model', None) 
        return context

    def get_success_url(self):
        return reverse_lazy('subcat-list', kwargs={'model':self.model._meta.model_name.title()})

subcat_list.html

        {% if class_name  == "Bike" %}
          <a class="article-title" href="{% url 'subcat-detail' pk=post.id model='Bike' %}"> 
        {% elif class_name  == "Scooty" %}
          <a class="article-title" href="{% url 'subcat-detail' pk=post.id model='Scooty' %}"> 
        {% elif class_name  == "Mobile" %}
          <a class="article-title" href="{% url 'subcat-detail' pk=post.id model='Mobile' %}"> 
        {% endif %} 
          <img class="d-block w-100" src="{{ post.img1.url }}" height="250px;" alt="First slide"> 
        </a>

        {% if class_name  == "Bike" %}
            {% include "blog/bike_list2.html" %}
        {% elif class_name  == "Scooty" %}
            {% include "blog/scooty_list2.html" %}
        {% elif class_name  == "Mobile" %}
            {% include "blog/mobile_list2.html" %}
        {% endif %}  

subcat_detail.html

     {% if object.author == user %}
      <div>
        <!-- update and delete -->
        {% if class_name  == "Bike" %}
        <a class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-update' pk=object.id model='Bike' %}">Update</a>
        <a class="btn btn-danger btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-delete' pk=object.id model='Bike' %}">Delete</a>
        {% elif class_name  == "Scooty" %}
        <a class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-update' pk=object.id model='Scooty' %}">Update</a>
        <a class="btn btn-danger btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-delete' pk=object.id model='Scooty' %}">Delete</a>            
        {% elif class_name  == "Mobile" %}
        <a class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-update' pk=object.id model='Mobile' %}">Update</a>
        <a class="btn btn-danger btn-sm mt-1 mb-1" href="{% url 'subcat-delete' pk=object.id model='Mobile' %}">Delete</a>            
        {% endif %}
      </div>
    {% endif %}



        
        <div style="font-size: 12px;">
            {% if class_name  == "Bike" %}
                {% include "blog/bike_list2.html" %}
            {% elif class_name  == "Scooty" %}
                {% include "blog/scooty_list2.html" %}
            {% elif class_name  == "Mobile" %}
                {% include "blog/mobile_list2.html" %}
            {% endif %}
        </div>