如何将文本中的字母更改为其他字母 |蟒蛇2.7？

Question

在我的 Django 项目中，我有带有字段（“标题”）的表单。在这个领域，用户需要用俄语书写，但用户可能会错误地写一些拉丁字母。我想改变它们。我使用 PYTHON 2.7。下一个代码引发错误。如何解决此错误？

from string import maketrans

eng = 'ETOPAHKXCBMetopahkxcbm' # English letters
rus = 'ЕТОРАНКХСВМеторанкхсвм' # Russian letters

def form_valid(self, form):
    form.cleaned_data['title'].translate(maketrans(dict(zip(eng, rus))))
    form.save()

错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 41, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 187, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 185, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 68, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 88, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py", line 217, in post
    return super(BaseCreateView, self).post(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py", line 183, in post
    return self.form_valid(form)
  File "/home/nurzhan/dashboard.kase.kz/static_pages/views.py", line 54, in form_valid
    form.cleaned_data['title'].translate(maketrans(dict(zip(eng, rus))))
TypeError: maketrans() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)

当我只使用 form.cleaned_data['title'].translate(maketrans(eng, rus)) 时，它会引发错误：

Internal Server Error: /static_page/create/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 41, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 187, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 185, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 68, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 88, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py", line 217, in post
    return super(BaseCreateView, self).post(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/srv/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py", line 183, in post
    return self.form_valid(form)
  File "/home/nurzhan/dashboard.kase.kz/static_pages/views.py", line 54, in form_valid
    form.cleaned_data['title'].translate(maketrans(eng, rus))
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-21: ordinal not in range(128)

Answer 1

您可以像这样手动操作：

a_string = u"abcdeFghijklmn" # Let say it is cyrillic with one latin letter represented here by 'F' (uppercase)
# To change it to cyrillic i.e. here to lower latin you would do:
l2c = {u"F": u"f"} # Map all latin to cyrillic for real
l2c_get = l2c.get # Faster access but not necessary
a_string = u"".join(
    l2c_get(x, x) for x in a_string)

当然，你可以使用 unicode.translate() 方法，它应该做同样的事情。

当你的 'a_string' 被处理后，只需将它推回 django。所有映射到西里尔字母的拉丁字母都将被替换。请注意，映射中的所有内容都是 unicode。如果将翻译后的字符串放到 django 会引发 UnicodeDecode/Encode 错误，这意味着您应该在尝试之前：

a_string = a_string.encode("utf-8", "ignore")

应该接受二进制的UTF-8。

Answer 2

如果您在代码中也使用 Unicode 文字，事情会变得更容易一些，这样您就不必担心 str 与 unicode 类型问题。这与将所有字符串文字写为u'stuff' 而不仅仅是'stuff' 相同。

接下来 - unicode 和 string 的 translate 函数采用不同的参数 - 你需要一个 dict 用于将 Unicode 序数映射到序数或 Unicode 字符串，不 @987654329 @ 仅适用于 str 翻译。

您可以使用 ord 内置函数从您的 Unicode 字符中获取序数。

试试这个：

from __future__ import unicode_literals  # Put this at the top of your source

eng = 'ETOPAHKXCBMetopahkxcbm' # English letters
rus = 'ЕТОРАНКХСВМеторанкхсвм' # Russian letters

table = dict(zip(map(ord, eng), map(ord, rus)))
assert eng.translate(table) == rus    # Verifying translation